Michael Harper’s Discovery

Michael Harper’s poem, Discovery is a poem of love. It gives us a unique way of defining and realizing true love. Indeed the poem is narrative and has free verse – and it expresses an occasion where the narrator discovers the care which the other person, a female shows toward him/her- such is the significance of the title, Discovery. Yet love although universally defined as the â€Å"feeling of warmth and concern for other persons† must be qualified here. My reading of the poem suggests that it is a romantic kind of love that is expressed between two individuals; a male (the narrator) and a female (the narrator’s partner in the poem). Truly, the degree of love revealed in the poem is overwhelming which caused the narrator to ask why I in the fifth line. The ellipses used after that emphasizes on possible uncertainties, thoughts that the narrator pondered upon while in her cradle of affection. This being the case, the sentiment of enigma is pictured probably due to the relative bewilderment of the narrator to the beauty that is being showed by the woman despite the narrator’s imperfections. The setting is night time on bed (they laid together in the dark); the two are close to each other (the narrator could hear her breath); as presented by lines one and two. It is quite possible for lovers to sleep together and engage in an act like sex. Harper has thought of convincing the readers of the reality of the narrator’s emotion by attending to the facts, by way of description, that are happening while the narrator is sleeping. Just like love, it may or may not be seen, only felt. When love is true, the person does not wish for it to be recognized nor expect returns from act of pretense. Such is the beauty of love in the poem; it has been measured by the warmth of the light (bulb) – as it is common to metaphorically describe love through the sensations of warmth. The eyes have always been the window of our inner passion; and touch and kiss signify intimacy. The author rightly used the line; she was staring at me with her eyes, to demonstrate the act of looking over a loved one in the coldness of the night; and the line a little shaken as she stroked my skin and kissed nay brow, to literally project sweetness. Although the challenging night’s condition was not directly written in the poem, it is implied especially when line number eight says, her thigh warming mine. The line, her breasts still sturdy could be a depiction of an aged woman who despite the fading strength in the context of age and experience has shown vitality or could also mean a period of arousal which is demonstrated as a prelude to a more intimate encounter by a woman. The poem reveals more of the scene that takes place after their love making. People of today has a general belief that â€Å"sex† no longer possesses the same sanctity as before – that the act could be done with or without love. The poem defies the latter by showing that it is most enjoyable when at the end of the act it self, love and joy is felt. The line in the poem tells us that the lover aimed at analyzing his/her partner in the silence of the night while sleeping and unveils sincerity through simple acts of kissing the brows. The agenda of the poem is to make us understand why love remains a feeling that we have to discover. Other ways become tools for this detection; like the light turned on and the heat which would reveal how long the woman had looked and cared for the narrator. It is hot, burning hot meaning deep and true. The narrator discovers true love here which treats sex secondary only to the feeling of closeness, sincerity and care which are all metaphorically disclosed in the poem. It serves as a lesson for all of us on the virtue of love and the significance of sex. True love can sustain itself without sex, although as an expression of love, sex regains its necessity. The beauty of love making lies on the feeling of security after the act which the narrator felt in the end of the poem – security from threats of lies, infidelity and uncertainties.

Problem Statement

Analysis and Issues When the senior-level women at Vision resigned, it seems from the information in Lie's memo that people assumed that they were choosing Emily over a career and therefore, management believed there was nothing that the company could have done to retain these women. However, these women may have left for better opportunities, potentially with competitors. Vision's obvious costs of losing these employees include the loss of investment made in recruiting and training them as well as the cost of recruiting and training their replacements.Yet, the hidden cost of employee turnover is possibly even more devastating. These hidden costs include the loss of intellectual capital and the potential for the former employee to come a competitor; potential disruption in the. General Electric and its river pollution problems; GE and Westinghouse antitrust action in turbines; Walter's aggressive growth strategy and the loss of small town businesses; Wall-Mart and its labor and legal practices; and Wall- Mart with its â€Å"Buy America Program. Now here comes Enron, Arthur Andersen, Global Crossing, Tycoon, Martha Stewart, Disney (remember its privacy practices and guest safety issues), Delphic, Rite Aid, Nordstrom, the dot com bubble, Xerox and its large restatement of earnings, ditto Lucent, ND who could forget Crispy Cream donuts? There is a point here. Bad ethics isn't necessarily new, but there does seem to be more problems that are even bigger today than yesterday. These issues can be national news, but they can also permeate even small organizations, causing irreparable harm.This is where sound human resource (HER) development and systems become important so that HER leaders can strategically support the organization for the good of the organization itself. There is a fundamental reality that seems to have escaped our notice: Ethical issues are important, and ethical locations are not all that uncommon. Think about your own encounters with rude sales pe ople, telephone service sales solicitations, product defects, and other day-to-day encounters. Much of this does not make it to the nightly news, but ethical transgressions are quite common in today's society.Think about your work life. Does senior management truly respect you and your co- workers? Who gets blamed when problems arise? Are you surprised when important decisions are announced? Are you involved in discussions about strategically important problems, opportunities and questions? Ethics do not serially involve the big transgression all of the time. They can be the result of hidden forces that many times we don't even see. They are so common that we often take them for granted, almost.How often do we take action and don't even think that there is an ethical point to consider? Ethical issues in the workplace are often invisible. Publicly there is general consensus that managers should not violate laws. After the summer of 2002, it should be pretty clear that it makes no sen se to knowingly break the law. Obviously, the executives at Arthur Andersen were foolish to shred those documents and he chief accountants at MIMIC World were wrong to book current period expenses as capitalized assets.Certainly, Enron's income recognition problems and off-balance sheet â€Å"Special Purpose Entities† was clearly inappropriate-?as was their loans and dealings outside the United States. The answer to those that participated Was a resounding â€Å"no†. In all cases, the managers involved made a case that they â€Å"believed† their actions and â€Å"ethics† were within current social standards. These people share they didn't â€Å"knowingly† cross the line. Have you experienced people in your career and organization that would say the same?One could argue that the fundamental mistake by the above executives was getting too close to a line that isn't clearly visible, even moves over time. Golden State Fence and Koch Foods may argue tha t they were not aware of those people working for them were brought in without valid right-to-work documents. However those employees at Citreous, LASS, MM, 24 Hour Fitness, Sears, Irritate, Cutbacks, Emery's, Farmers Insurance, Longs Drugs, arguing for overtime wages after finding out they were misclassified as a â€Å"salaried† exempt employee do indeed â€Å"get it! † Problem Statement Analysis and Issues When the senior-level women at Vision resigned, it seems from the information in Lie's memo that people assumed that they were choosing Emily over a career and therefore, management believed there was nothing that the company could have done to retain these women. However, these women may have left for better opportunities, potentially with competitors. Vision's obvious costs of losing these employees include the loss of investment made in recruiting and training them as well as the cost of recruiting and training their replacements.Yet, the hidden cost of employee turnover is possibly even more devastating. These hidden costs include the loss of intellectual capital and the potential for the former employee to come a competitor; potential disruption in the. General Electric and its river pollution problems; GE and Westinghouse antitrust action in turbines; Walter's aggressive growth strategy and the loss of small town businesses; Wall-Mart and its labor and legal practices; and Wall- Mart with its â€Å"Buy America Program. Now here comes Enron, Arthur Andersen, Global Crossing, Tycoon, Martha Stewart, Disney (remember its privacy practices and guest safety issues), Delphic, Rite Aid, Nordstrom, the dot com bubble, Xerox and its large restatement of earnings, ditto Lucent, ND who could forget Crispy Cream donuts? There is a point here. Bad ethics isn't necessarily new, but there does seem to be more problems that are even bigger today than yesterday. These issues can be national news, but they can also permeate even small organizations, causing irreparable harm.This is where sound human resource (HER) development and systems become important so that HER leaders can strategically support the organization for the good of the organization itself. There is a fundamental reality that seems to have escaped our notice: Ethical issues are important, and ethical locations are not all that uncommon. Think about your own encounters with rude sales pe ople, telephone service sales solicitations, product defects, and other day-to-day encounters. Much of this does not make it to the nightly news, but ethical transgressions are quite common in today's society.Think about your work life. Does senior management truly respect you and your co- workers? Who gets blamed when problems arise? Are you surprised when important decisions are announced? Are you involved in discussions about strategically important problems, opportunities and questions? Ethics do not serially involve the big transgression all of the time. They can be the result of hidden forces that many times we don't even see. They are so common that we often take them for granted, almost.How often do we take action and don't even think that there is an ethical point to consider? Ethical issues in the workplace are often invisible. Publicly there is general consensus that managers should not violate laws. After the summer of 2002, it should be pretty clear that it makes no sen se to knowingly break the law. Obviously, the executives at Arthur Andersen were foolish to shred those documents and he chief accountants at MIMIC World were wrong to book current period expenses as capitalized assets.Certainly, Enron's income recognition problems and off-balance sheet â€Å"Special Purpose Entities† was clearly inappropriate-?as was their loans and dealings outside the United States. The answer to those that participated Was a resounding â€Å"no†. In all cases, the managers involved made a case that they â€Å"believed† their actions and â€Å"ethics† were within current social standards. These people share they didn't â€Å"knowingly† cross the line. Have you experienced people in your career and organization that would say the same?One could argue that the fundamental mistake by the above executives was getting too close to a line that isn't clearly visible, even moves over time. Golden State Fence and Koch Foods may argue tha t they were not aware of those people working for them were brought in without valid right-to-work documents. However those employees at Citreous, LASS, MM, 24 Hour Fitness, Sears, Irritate, Cutbacks, Emery's, Farmers Insurance, Longs Drugs, arguing for overtime wages after finding out they were misclassified as a â€Å"salaried† exempt employee do indeed â€Å"get it! †

Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millays Essay Example for Free

Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millay’s Essay The sonnet has experienced many modifications and innovations throughout the ages. Edna St. Vincent Millay’s â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed† and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"Sonnet 43†, both Petrarchan sonnets, have diversified and helped pave the way for future female poets. In order to address and capitalize on ideas of gender connected to sonnet form and content, Edna Millay and Elizabeth Browning both revolutionize the traditional male-dominated sonnet form as females, Browning expresses overly sentimental and passionate emotion through content and Millay contradicts the social norm of female sexuality as well through content. Millay and Browning revolt against the male-dominated sonnet. Popular among prominent male poets, the sonnet was deemed unworthy for females, as men were far more educated and capable of fulfilling its high standards and strict guidelines. Both poets proved common beliefs wrong by excelling in the sonnet form. They used the Petrarchan sonnet, playing close attention to rhyme scheme and using iambic pentameter. They even incorporated the Volta between the octave and sestet, while using the first three lines in the sestet to introduce the change in tone and the last three lines in the sestet to conclude, invariably identical to the traditional Italian sonnet. At a time where women did not even have the right to vote, Millay and Browning both struggled to find a place in poetry writing, especially the sonnet form in which their predecessors were all male. The literary cannon and the Romantic Era consisted of all male poets who directed the sonnets to their lovers in regard to express their profound appreciation. Love has been the preferred sonnet theme since the 1300’s when the sonnet was created and both, Millay and Browning, stuck with the same traditional concept of love and lust as their topic. Being one of the most popular, sought out forms of poetry, the sonnet was the perfect way for nineteenth-century women to get out into the limelight and start a feminist movement. Or possibly, women poets stumbled toward the sonnet form due to its oppressive rules of rhyme scheme, structural shifts, meter and syllable count, it provided them a ready-made metaphor, suggesting difficulties in communication. Extremely restrained, the sonnet form helped make inexpressibility apparent, it therefore presented women sonneteers with an irony that revealed their circumstances of restricted speech and forced silence. Female poets, who incorporated the strict sonnet form, at a time difficult for women to freely embark in the lyric tradition, did so only to promote gender variance. Elizabeth Browning uses exceedingly sentimental emotions in her â€Å"Sonnet 43†. She either does so for ridicule or freedom for women to express themselves. By the use of such diction she is using satire and mockery of overly melodramatic reactions and feelings of a typical woman. â€Å"†¦ With my lost saints! -I love thee with the breath,/ Smiles, tears, of all my life!†¦ (12-13)†, even with the usage of several exclamation marks, she creates emphasis on the over exaggeration. In her Sonnet 43, Browning proclaims the pleasure love brings and pleads for a complete surrender to love, which seems far too corny. Or perhaps, she is just being herself, demonstrating to fellow females to be confident and unafraid of articulating and communicating your feelings. Following the thematic convention of rhyme scheme and iambic pentameter, Browning either wants to represent stereotypical females with her portrayal of unrealistic sensations or she wants to prove that even a completely feminine sonnet can create attentiveness to gender difference. Edna Millay challenges the social standards of female sexuality. Millay’s poem explores a female-centred perspective which opposes the widespread male-dominated presumptions of women. It is indeed a very sexual poem, revealing her sexual attraction and intentions to a particular man. Female sexuality was silenced in those times and rarely did women speak so openly and fearlessly of personal matters. She created a new realm of subject matters to women authors and helped support a liberated approach to life. The style of her poetry is formal with typical meter and rhyme scheme. Critics have repeatedly pointed out her bizarre connection of conventional poetic forms and structures with completely unconventional ideas and expressions. We must recognize and appreciate Millay for revealing the love ’em and leave ’em tactic normally exercised by males. However, because of the poet’s reversed gender, this strategy seems more modern, harmless and considerably humorous. There is irony and originality in a female using such rebellious content, perhaps she is scrutinizing normal male intentions, as it is regularly the women who are hurt in the end because they long for a relationship while the men are only looking for sex. The form may receive validity of tradition while the content concurrently mocks tradition. With the help of this poem she gained a reputation of a free-spirited and revolutionary social figure whose work followed her commemoration of life. Edna Millay’s poem fights for sexual freedom originally claimed by men, it fights for equality of the double standard that exists, which inhibits female sexuality and encourages male sexuality. Writing as women has led them to run â€Å"counter to† their culture and â€Å"against the grain of time† to echo Pounds’ words. Edna St. Vincent Millay’s â€Å"I, Being Born a Woman and Distressed† and Elizabeth Barrett Browning’s â€Å"Sonnet 43† redefine the standards of genre and gender norms. Millay and Browning both revolt against the regularly male sonnet form, they were attracted to its structural affinity to promote gender variance. Browning creates emphasis using ordinary female emotions, while Millay challenges normality of female sexuality. However at the same time there are distinct contrasts apparent, Browning’s poetry has a feminine quality with such passion and sentimentality while Millay’s poetry has a masculine quality, as it resists sentimentality with her ability to look beyond the status quo and her completely opposite lifestyle of love affairs. However, both poets attempt to reconcile with convention while contributing to gender capitalization, hoping to establish diversification equally valid for females. Both are icons for womanhood, both are masters of the sonnet forms and both are nurturers of ambition, independence, outspokenness and flaunting sexuality. Capitalization of Gender in Edna Millay’s. (2016, Oct 03).

Micro1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Micro1 - Essay Example The cost is nil as well for attendees whose higher degree provides upward revision of earnings. The components of opportunity cost include fees paid for tuition purposes, foregone earnings, book prices, leisure time. The percentage of opportunity cost and the money value is closely correlated. Tuition fees of colleges can be treated as the greatest cost of attending college. Answer 2 Decisions taken at the margin are one of the key factors in decision making processes. The marginal cost accrued to a decision is taken into account by the decision maker at the margin. The decision maker judges whether the cost is greater than the benefit when the decision will take effect. An example is as follows: an employer judges the additional cost of recruiting an extra employee with the benefit the organization gains from recruiting that additional person. If it is analysed that benefit exceeds the salary, then the employer decides to recruit the person. Average cost is used while determining de cisions on investments and tax. Answer 3 The statement is as follows: â€Å"HSBC in Talks on Possible Sale of Ping An Stake†. The statement is a positive statement as it can be accepted or rejected depending on the available evidences (The Wall Street Journal, 2012a). The statement is as follows: â€Å"Sahara Feeling heat over bond sales†. ... The statement is a positive statement as it can be accepted or rejected depending on the available evidences (The Wall Street Journal, 2012d). Answer 4 The scenario under assumption is seamstress decides to produce more dresses in an hour than the seamstress usually does. The incentive behind such action of the seamstress can be listed as follows: 1) Subsidy on dress prices from the part of the government; 2) Fall in price of raw materials; 3) Reduction in transport prices necessary for supply of goods to the market; 4) Rise in demand conditions; 5) Possibilities of exports opening up. There may also be some disincentives like fall in the export possibilities of the goods, uncertainty getting accrued to the production process, and sudden fall in demand expectations. The scenarios based on political, legal or cultural aspects are unavoidable. Answer 5 It is assumed that the farmer uses the available land in efficient fashion. The following diagram denotes the total amount of corn and beans he can produce. The farmer has the luxury to produce 150 units of beans if he chooses not to produce any corn. On the other hand, he can produce 300 units of corn if he chooses not to produce any beans. In economics, such an action is defined as efficient use of resources. The opportunity cost of corn at each level of production is 25 units of beans. The marginal cost of the farmer at each level of production is the cost of 25 units of beans. The slope of the line is 25. The slope of the line is same as the marginal cost. Answer 6 The costs of producing corn and beans are needed to determine the level at which the farmer should produce. Answer 7 Answer 8 The skills that have been taken under consideration to be compared are

The American children of the gilded age Research Paper

The American children of the gilded age - Research Paper Example These include the native American-Indians and the immigrant groups from Europe, Asia, Africa and Latin America. Although they are the native inhabitants of the country, the Indians were compelled to succumb to the pressure of Americanization (Monaghan 59). Meaning, the government was committed to see them get assimilated into the mainstream American culture. Having traced their roots in America, the Indians were perceived to be conservative people who were deeply rooted in their traditional activities. This included practices like hunting, traditional religious practices and many values and beliefs that were fiercely opposed by the westernized government. So, to assimilate them into the main system, the government came up with several policies. The most outstanding of these strategies was the introduction of western education amongst the Indians. It was thought that education would help in assimilating them into the desired culture. After the dramatic changes in 1865, the national government came up with the idea of establishing National Boarding Schools for the American Indians. Although it was fiercely opposed by the American Indians, the government went ahead to remove the children and forcefully take them to these institutions. Here, they would be separated from the rest of the society that might influence them to embrace their native cultural practices. By taking them to the boarding schools, the government hoped, they would get an ample opportunity to learn different aspects of European-American culture without any hindrance. In these schools, the children would learn much about Christianity, English language and all the aspects of American culture that were accepted by the government. The successful withdrawal of these children from their families would not only assimilate them into the mainstream American culture, but also put them in the right path of abandoning the aspects of the native culture

To-Be Process Flowchart and Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

To-Be Process Flowchart and Paper - Essay Example Mind Tools (1996-2015) talks about the effects of waste in relation to cost. From this site it is affirmed that "Waste costs you and your customer’s money", which is an implication that is nothing is done about it soon enough then the consumers might consider finding a much better place. Anything adding no value to the final product can be termed as waste. Mind Tools (1996-2015) goes ahead to list some of the most common wastes in organizations (businesses) that end up increasing the production costs for no good reason. They include; overproduction, waiting, inefficient transportation of materials, over-processing, and production mistakes/defects, and inefficient use of workers. All is these can bring about unnecessary expenses in the production process and that explains why the to-be process focuses on selling credible ideas to the Boeing Company to help it get rid of waste and minimize production costs in the long run. Let us take for instance transportation in the Boeing Company. The company has to implement the to-be process effectively in order to manage the manner in which it transports its products. This will help the company determine whether its manner of transportation is efficient or not. Inefficient transportation in this case means the company is probable transporting production materials more frequent that the materials are being used perhaps due to fear of exhaustion. This could also lead to another waste problem as damage of the materials due to lack of proper storage and in the end more will have been spent due to poor planning. Therefore, managing wastes is as good as managing costs. This can then be achieved by first identifying the waste, analyzing it to find the root cause, and then solving the root cause. This cycle goes on and it is therefore imperative to acknowledge that the to-be process for the Boeing Company is very appropriate as it contains the as-is process flowchart w hich is

Officer Safety and the risks of policing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Officer Safety and the risks of policing - Essay Example Indeed, in every aspect of their lives, it is evident that the lives of police officers are always endangered, both when on-duty and off-duty (Asbury and Jacobs, 2014). These points out clearly on the importance of officer safety and the risks associated with policing, requiring the development of appropriate strategies that would work to provide effective solutions to such risks. Many studies and researches have been conducted in examining both the mental and physical health of police officers, in order to identify the different conditions for which the officers have a greater risk. Police officers are usually mandated to provide the public with security without taking into consideration the circumstances involved in the provision of such security (Asbury and Jacobs, 2014). This has indeed contributed substantively towards increased police causalities, mostly in the line of duty where the officers have always become victims to assaults, in some instances by the public while in others the criminals under their watch, vehicle crashes, stress, overexertion, and falls. Officers are always the first in crime scenes, when in possession with the least of information about the potential risks in such areas, and therefore, risks to which they expose themselves (Asbury and Jacobs, 2014). Dependent of the various aspects pertaining to police safety and the risks associ ated with their job, it is important that much still needs to be done in order to improve police officers’ safety and health. Many studies have been conducted in order to get the most appropriate ways of improving the safety and health of police officers be it on or off duty, however, little success has been realized. Improving the safety and health of police officers involves an in-depth understanding of the range of health and safety risks that the police face in their profession (IFPO, 2010).

The Deliberate Misuse of a Drug Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Deliberate Misuse of a Drug - Essay Example The knowledge of drugs and their potential for misuse that pharmacists have, place them in a unique position in any society to identify misuse of drugs and help in its prevention. (1). The initial factor in the control and treatment of drug misuse is the identification of drug misuse. Identification of drug misuse in the clinical context is not easy, as it could remain atypical, which makes it difficult for physicians to identify. (2). This brings into the picture the pharmacists, who are in a much better position to identify drug misuse and those who misuse drugs, for dispensing of drugs occurs through their hands. The drugs that are liable for misuse are classified into three categories in descending order of relative harmfulness. Class A includes ecstasy, cocaine, heroin, LSD, mescaline, methadone, morphine, opium and the injection forms of the drugs in Class B. Class B consists of oral preparations of amphetamines, barbiturates, cannabis, cannabis resin, codeine and methaqualone. Class C includes benzodiazepines, other less harmful drugs of the amphetamine group and anabolic steroids. (3). Besides these drugs that have been classified based on their harmfulness, other drugs normally used can also be misused like laxatives and antihistamines. Thus the list of drugs liable for misuse is large adding to the difficulty of identification of drug misuse at the clinical level. (4). Pharmacists are present at the point of dispensation with sound knowledge of the dosages at which the use of these drugs is liable for misuse. The records that they maintain on the use of drugs, be it in the prescription form or dispensed over the counter put them in the unique position of being able to identify individuals misusing drugs. (4). Drug misuse was believed to be a problem associated with urban areas in the United Kingdom, but such a concept is no longer valid with evidence emerging that drug misuse has spread into rural areas too,  bringing into the picture the relevance of community pharmacists in the treatment of drug misuse.

American History Master Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

American History Master - Essay Example I shall also highlight how the new world order was disrupted by America. Law on the international level is dependent on a state's acceptance to be subjected to the enforcement of laws. States must be willing to subject themselves into the international legal process. In international law, there is no single enforcement mechanism, which sometimes causes individuals to question the validity of international law. They question whether international law is a fundamental requirement of a modern, increasingly independent, global system of states and non-state actors. They question whether international law stops them from pursuing their self-interest (Damrosch etal 2001 p 14). In modern times, because of globalism, international law is a fundamental requirement for international relations. In the last 100 years, history has shown us that the absence of such laws can have detrimental consequences on the entire world. The Bush administration has insisted on its right to unilaterally attack Iraq. To justify this end, the administration either ignored or conveniently reinterpreted UN articles or resolutions. It is no wonder that the vast majority of the international community did not support the Bush administration's conclusions. International opinion was that the attack on Iraq was illegal under the international laws of the UN. (http://www.123helpme.com/view.aspid=18686) The United States has clearly defined their foreign po... Foreign Policy The United States has clearly defined their foreign policy's objectives and goals. While some groups claim that the United States acts as an isolationist body, the government works to improve the international community through negotiation and cooperation The United States maintains relations with nearly every nation state in the international system. The US also conducts frequent relations with many international organizations for a lot of different reasons While the United States has hundreds of goals and objectives of the foreign policy, it's most important goals currently are internationalism and multilateralism, national security, and limiting weapons of mass destruction (Walter 2001 p 2). A divided government within the United States sometimes makes it difficult to create clear strategies both domestically and internationally, nevertheless both groups are willing to compromise in order to deal effectively with any problems Traditional and current foreign policy objectives determine current relationships between the United States and other countries and various international actors. Traditional objectives of international security and trade have always shaped relations in the international system. Today, issues of terrorism, weapons of mass destruction, and Middle East peace also help shape relationships with the US abroad. The current policy objectives shape US international relations. Foreign policy activity and the decision making process have two driving motivations- an external, and a domestic or internal. The external motivation includes foreign activities, politics and policies that have an effect on US foreign policy. For example, external threats such as the Cuban Missile Crisis during the Cold War,

Willy Loman Essay Example for Free

Willy Loman Essay Task: Willy Loman is in many ways foolish and objectionable, and yet he still commands our sympathy and even our respect. How far do you share this view of Willy Loman? In your response, you should consider how an actor might interpret the role of Willy.  Willy Loman is the main character of Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller. The play focuses on the last twenty four hours of his life. The main events of his life of his life are revealed using various techniques. Willy Loman always believed in the American Dream, but his character is now old and tired. We can see both sides of Willys character. The first is how he is foolish and objectionable. The second is how he can command our sympathy and respect. This can make him a figure of pathos. I will be addressing these points in this essay. In addition, I will be exploring how an actor would be able to interpret Willys character. Willy Loman can in many ways appear foolish and objectionable. Willy Loman contradicts himself in many ways. He has a very aggressive attitude towards his family, especially towards his wife Linda. It is as if they are a soundboard for Willys problems and frustrations. Although he displays this behaviour towards the other characters, he shows deep compassion towards his family. We see other examples of this aspect of his character. He sees himself living the American Dream, by exaggerating to everyone of how well he can sell his products. The irony of his job is that we never find out what he actually sells. This then makes us have more questions than answers after we have finished reading the play. He likes to contradict himself, by one minute saying how Biff is lazy; however, he then says Biff is not lazy. This then makes us wonder what the relationship is between Willy and Biff, and if anything has happened to sabotage this. We get introduced to two characters, Willys two sons Biff and Happy. Willy has tried to shape both of their lives, but this has not gone well. We see the first mobile concurrency in the play. This was when both of his children were young. When Biff was young, Willy paid complete attention to Biff, helping him with his football career. Happy however, was trying to be notice[d] by Willy. This can make Willy seems foolish, he even encourages and congratulates him when Biff steals a new football to help his passing. It is as if Willy would encourage Biff, but for all of the wrong reasons. This and other events then makes Biff known as a kleptomaniac, that we see glimpses of throughout the play. Happy is trying to get Willy to notice him, through various ways. However, Willy literally ignores him, what can be signs of neglect. Willy feels deluded, by making himself bigger than most people, even if they try to help him physically and financially. Biff then gets a visit from his friend Bernard. Bernard is not as strong or tall as Biff, but Willy likes to use him to help Biff with his studies. He likes to call Bernard anaemic and a pest. Although at this point, Bernard looks as if he is going nowhere, he turns out to be somewhere in his life unlike Biff and Happy. He then gets back to reality, although he stills has a deluded mind. He tries to tell Linda how he made a large amount of wealth when he was working in Providence. However, he has to come closer to the truth when he lowers the value of how much he earned. He finally tells the truth, when he talks about business not picking up. This shows us how objectionable he can be, even though he knows what the truth is. Linda then gets some stockings to darn. We get taken back into another flashback. We discover how Willy had an affair with a colleague when he went on a business trip. He then feels guilty, because he gave Lindas present of stockings to The Women. We see how the two time switches collide together, when he says how he will make [it] up to Linda, and he can hear the women laughing in the background. Although we know that all of the acts that he has done are all out of foolishness, we can feel some sympathy towards Willy, for he is not finding it easy to cope with this pressure. We then find out that this is the reason why Biff and Willy have not had a good relationship. Biff then de-railed off his education, and then found no point in life. He did not look up to Willy as a role-model anymore. If you had to look at this aspect from an actors point of view, you can imagine him being played by someone who likes to over-exaggerate all of his lines. However, we can also imagine him being very tired in his speech in some parts, and always holding his head, like he is on the verge of a mental breakdown. Willy Loman can have another aspect to his character, which is how he can command our sympathy and even our respect. Willy has tried several times to try and commit suicide, always saying how he works himself to death and emphasises the word kill. This then makes us want to make him a figure of pathos and does he have the power to command our sympathy. We are then able to answer this question, by how he is acting throughout just the first act. This is shown when we see how he is trying to make a living for him and his family, yet he can not make the cut. Linda, his wife has got a naà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ve aspect towards her, and this is shown when she makes a compassionate speech about Willy. She talks about him not being the finest character ever lived. This shows us that she knows he has got impurities in his character. She even imitates Willys earlier speech, by how attention must be finally paid to him. This shows that she still will support him, no matter what he has done in the past. These events happen throughout the play, until unfortunately he finally commits suicide. If an actor had to interpret this role, we can say how Willy would be very quick with some parts of his speech, but when he does monologues, he would be very slow and express his speech very well.  In conclusion, Willy is able to do be foolish and objectionable in some aspects, but can become a figure of pathos by making us feel sympathy towards him, and show him respect towards him. These events are very unfortunate, and we hope that this does not happen to us the audience in reality.

Case study of cyanotic congenital heart disease

Case study of cyanotic congenital heart disease Baby J, a 3-week-old infant, was admitted to Ward 5A since birth due to severe central cyanosis caused by several congenital heart problems. Soon after birth, he suffered from respiratory distress, where his initial SaO2 was only about 70%. He was resuscitated and given 5 nanograms/kg/min of Prostin (Prostaglandin E2). On appearance, he was dusky-looking and his peripheries were cold and cyanosed. He was started on biphasic continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) via an apnoea mask and also given positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) as an adjunct. His CPAP was delivered using nasal cannula the following day after his SaO2 increased to 80% and he remained on CPAP for the first 5 days after birth, which subsequently was weaned off. Antenatal scans found pulmonary atresia, overriding aorta and ventricular septal defect (VSD). Postnatally, cardiac catheterisation confirmed the antenatal findings with extra major aortopulmonary collateral arteries (MAPCAs). He tolerated feeding via TPN and was given 6ml of EBM (expressed breast milk) at intervals of 2 hourly. Bottle feeding was attempted on 28/09/09 and he tolerated the feedings well. Recently, the feedings increased to 44ml 2 hourly. Baby J passed urine normally and his stools were of normal consistency. Past Medical and Surgical History Baby J underwent a cardiac surgery on 1/10/09 through a median sternotomy and a Melbourne shunt was inserted to create an aortopulmonary connection. He was also diagnosed with Alagilles syndrome (an autosomal dominant inherited disorder affecting the heart, liver, spine, kidney and central nervous system). Family History Baby Js father was diagnosed with Alagilles syndrome as a child. He has congenital spinal abnormalities, cardiac defects (atrial septal defect, ASD, pulmonary stenosis and right ventricular dysfunction). Baby Js mother suffered from depression for about 3 years now. She also has asthma and a high BMI of 40. During pregnancy, Baby Js mother was on anti-depressant (Fluoxetine 20 mg OD) and inhalers (Becctide and Ventolin). Drug History NKDA Medication Dosage Frequency Aspirin 15mg OD Frusemide 3mg BD Spironolactone 3mg BD Social History Baby J is the 3rd child in the family. He has one brother and 2 sisters. His brother was also diagnosed with Alagilles and suffers from cardiac anomaly. Baby Js mother is a non-smoker and she did not drink alcohol while conceiving him. Systemic Enquiry Neurological None to note. Cardiovascular See above. Respiratory Cyanotic. Gastrointestinal None to note. Opened bowel normally with normal stools. Genitourinary None to note. Passed urine normally. Haematological None to note. No fevers or rigors Musculoskeletal None to note. Endocrine None to note PHYSICAL EXAMINATION General Inspection Not distressed or in pain. Alert and non-lethargic. Apyrexial (Temperature 37.1 0C) Mild bluish discolouration of lips and tongue. SaO2 83% on room air. Heart rate: 156 bpm RR: 48/min Anterior fontanelle normal. Cardiovascular Examination Examination Findings BP Pulse rate 78/ 45 mmHg 156 bpm (regular, normal volume, character) No radial-radial delay or radio-femoral delay. Normal radial/ brachial/ femoral pulses. Normal carotid pulses. Inspection Hands and nails Face and tongue Precordium Ankle Non-cyanotic fingers. CRT No finger clubbing/ splinter haemorrhages. Non-pallor palmar creases. Deep-set eyes, prominent forehead (features of Alagilles syndrome) Non-pallor conjunctiva Mild central cyanosis (bluish tinge to tongue) Median stenotomy scar. No peripheral oedema (rarely seen in children) Palpation Central trachea. No thrills or left parasternal heave. Auscultation HS=I+Single II (muscular pulmonary atresia) + Ejection click (due to high flow across aortic valve) and continuous murmur. Respiratory Examination Examination Findings Inspection Hands Mouth Eyes Chest wall Not breathless or in distress. Breathing at ease. No peripheral cyanosis. No finger clubbing. Mild bluish tinge to tongue. No jaundice and non-pallor conjunctiva. Normal AP diameter. Symmetrical movement of chest wall with respiration No accessory muscles used in respiration. Trachea Central, no tracheal tug Percussion Generally, resonant to percussion. Auscultation Vesicular breath sounds. Normal air entry. No wheeze or added sounds. Summary of Problems Baby J suffered from severe cyanosis immediately post-delivery due to closure of ductus arteriosus. To maintain the patency of the duct, he was given prostaglandin E2. However, this was just a temporary measure to maintain a duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. A more definitive treatment for Baby J was to establish a direct connection between the aorta and the pulmonary artery by a shunt in order to promote growth of central pulmonary artery. Differential Diagnosis *Most likely differential for Baby J bolded. Differentials of cyanosis:- Primary pulmonary disease Cyanotic congenital heart disease Reduced or duct-dependent pulmonary circulation Tetralogy of Fallot Pulmonary atresia Tricuspid atresia Abnormal mixing Transposition of great arteries Total anomalous pulmonary venous drainage (all draining into right atrium) Single truncus arteriosus Persistent pulmonary hypertension due to persistent fetal circulation Anaemia Asphyxia Sepsis Metabolic disorder Methaemoglobinaemia due to haemolytic anaemia Management Plan Initial management:- Respiratory distress at birth Resuscitation, give CPAP and PEEP to maintain oxygenation to lungs, immediate Prostin (5ng/kg/min) Check breathing Maintain circulation IV fluids Routine bloods and ABG Continuous monitoring oxygen saturation and vitals Cardiology review- echo and CXR Echo findings consistent with Fallot tetralogy with MAPCAs CXR found cardiomegaly Feeding via TPN (6ml/kg/2 hourly) Further management:- Cardiac catherisation to assess for cardiac anomaly Cardiology experts advised surgery to establish connection between aorta and pulmonary artery to increase pulmonary blood flow. Melbourne shunt was inserted via median sternotomy on 1/10/09. Echo post-op showed good flow in small pulmonary arteries and patent central shunt. Continue monitoring oxygen saturation aim to keep above 75% Perform ECG Monitor temperature post-op If pyrexial, culture blood and give vancomycin and gentamicin. Start on aspirin, frusemide, spironolactone and paracetamol PRN. Increase feed to 150ml/kg/day via bottle Relevant Investigations and Results: Bloods results (2/10/09) after cardiac surgery FBC Hb Platelets WBC 15.2 230 10.5 UE Na+ K+ Cl Urea Creatinine 142 4.7 100 3.9 77 LFTs Alk P AST ALT Pro Alb 274 29 31 55 27 CRP 100 Echo Results on 18/09/09 Pulmonary atresia, MAPCAs, VSD, overriding aorta. Results on 2/10/09 Patent central shunt with good flow to small pulmonary arteries. MAPCAs flow demonstrated from joined aortopulmary branches. X-ray of whole spine Single AP view of thoracolumbar spine no abnormality found. Reflective Commentary: Tetralogy of Fallot Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is the commonest cause of cyanotic congenital heart disease. It has 4 cardinal anatomical anomalies:- [1] Large outlet VSD Overriding aorta with respect to ventricular septum Right ventricular outflow obstruction (infundibular and valvular pulmonary stenosis) Right ventricular hypertrophy Epidemiology TOF affects 3-6 infants in every 10, 000 births. [1] Aetiology [4] The aetiology is unknown, but evidence suggests a multifactorial cause. Antenatal risk factors are:- Maternal rubella (or other viral infections during pregnancy) Poor antenatal nutrition Maternal alcohol use Maternal age > 40 years Diabetes Children with Down syndrome have a higher risk of TOF. Presentation [4] Symptoms Very few infants present with severe cyanosis in the first few days of life with duct-dependent pulmonary circulation. Most infants are diagnosed by murmur at the age of 1-2 months. Feeding difficulty and failure to thrive. Tet spells episodes of bluish pale skin during crying or feeding. Squatting is classical of infants with TOF. Exertional dyspnoea usually worsens with age. Physical examination Smaller than expected for age. Peripheral cyanosis is normally found at birth, and after 3-6 months, finger clubbing may develop. Cardiac examination:- A thrill at left sternal border. Ejection systolic murmur heard over the pulmonic area and the left sternal border. In babies with aortopulmonary collaterals, continuous murmurs may be detected The S2  is usually single. Diagnosis Diagnosis is through history and clinical examination, supported by chest x-ray and ECG, and confirmed by echocardiography. Bloods Haemoglobin and haematocrit are usually increased in relation to the degree of cyanosis. The arterial oxygen saturation varies from 65-70%. ECG ECG shows right ventricular hypertrophy (+ right axis deviation) and may also show right atrial hypertrophy. Imaging Radiography Classical boot-shaped heart. Echocardiography Used to diagnose ductus arteriosus, VSD, or ASD with Doppler echocardiography. *Comparison of Baby Js presentation to the classical presentation Baby J had severe pulmonary atresia (muscular in origin) due to a severely malrotated infundibular septum. He suffered from life-threatening cyanosis at birth which had to be attended to promptly by maintaining the patency of ductus arteriosis using prostaglandin E2. As he was highly symptomatic, a palliative surgery to increase pulmonary blood flow had to be done where he underwent placement of Melbourne shunt connecting his aorta to MAPCA. This was done hoping to promote the development of main pulmonary artery. Baby J also had another problem which was the 50% possible chance of inheriting Alagilles syndrome (autosomal dominant) from his father. His LFTs were checked for any liver abnormality which is commonly implicated in this syndrome. He also had spine X-ray to exclude spinal deformities. He will be having ophthalmology review soon as well. GMC theme 2: Treatment Acute treatment [4] Neonates with severe cyanosis due to ductal constriction are given an infusion of prostaglandin E2(0.05 to 0.1  ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¼g/kg/min IV) to reopen the ductus arteriosus. Tet spells are usually self-limiting and followed by a period of sleep. If prolonged (> 15 mins), treatment consists of:- [4] placing infants in a knee-chest position sedation and pain relief morphine  IM. IV fluids are used for volume expansion. Propanolol  IV acts as peripheral vasoconstrictor. Bicarbonate to correct acidosis. Muscle paralysis and artificial ventilator to reduce oxygen demand. Symptomatic or palliative treatment in first few months Palliative surgery can be performed in patients who are not suitable for complete repair or patients with tet spells. One of the commonly used procedures is the Blalock-Taussig shunt where the subclavian artery is connected to the ipsilateral pulmonary artery with a prosthetic graft. Baby J had a relatively new shunt placement (first developed in Melbourne) which connects the major aortopulmonary collateral artery (MAPCA) to aorta. This has been shown to promote the growth of central pulmonary artery. [2] Melbourne shunt: illustrates the completed shunt with the pulmonary artery anastomosed to the posterior and left lateral aspect of the ascending aorta close to the sinotubular junction. Adapted from Ref [2] Corrective Surgery Since TOF is a progressive disorder, Baby J will require a more definitive corrective surgery. Nowadays, surgery is commonly performed electively at around 6 months of age (or before 1 year). The timing of complete surgical repair on Baby J will depend on numerous factors like further symptoms, severity of lesions (multiple VSDs, pulmonary atresia),etc. Complete repair is achieved by patch closure of VSD and widening of right ventricular outflow tract. Perioperative mortality rate is   Primary repair is beneficial in terms of preventing long-term right ventricular outflow obstruction and the consequential development of right ventricular hypertrophy, prolonged cyanosis, and postnatal angiogenesis. [1] Summary Survival in children with simple forms of TOF is promising and quality of life is good. Studies showed that survivors are in NYHA 1 class with minimal reduction in exercise capacity. However, Baby J has a rather severe form of TOF and it is difficult to predict his prognosis as for now. This will depend on his progress after corrective surgery repair done. He will need life-long cardiac review and this can be quite stressful for the child and the family as well. Baby J is fortunate to have good supportive parents who are both rather anxious about the childs condition during the interview.

Author Intention through Character Reaction in Paradise Lost and the Bl

How would you react if you realized you had altered the future of an entire people? Would you be sympathetic or apologetic? Would you be regretful or sincere? I believe that the reaction of a person in such a situation gives insight into their quality of character and shows us the real extent of their influence over their surroundings and beyond. John Milton’s Adam in Paradise Lost altered the future for mankind just as Margaret Cavendish’s Empress of the Blazing World altered the future for the inhabitants of the Blazing World. Both characters realized the consequences of their actions and desired to change it back to the original state. Both were regretful for their deeds. However, the manner in which each of the characters showed regret gives us insight into the respective author’s intention for the work. By analyzing the difference between the lamentations of Adam and the Empress, we can see strikingly opposing approaches to the same desire – to correct the wrong. Adam falls into a sincere state of despair while the Empress is much more apathetic about the situation. From this observation, we can make claims about Milton and Cavendish and his or her reasoning for fashioning the characters in the way they are portrayed. From the outset of the plot, the storylines of both texts seem to parallel along a very similar outline. The opening of each story is a description of a paradise, free from the corruption of conflict, deception, or sin and more importantly, free from the issue of a foreign influence. Perhaps the most influential factor that allows these paradises to continue in their original state is the innocence they possess from just not knowing any other way, the lack of alien influence. This lack of knowledge was G... ...g entirely fictitious, fabricated, and immaterial. This alteration impacted the reactions of Adam and the Empress. Adam’s real existence required a natural, real reaction just as the Empress’ artificial existence conjured a false, inhuman reaction. The apathetic tone of the Empress mirrored the apathetic tone of Cavendish in stating her intended purpose for the work. The serious tone of Adam mirrored the seriousness of Milton’s intended purpose. Both Adam and the Empress had decidedly altered the future conditions of an entire people to the point that they desired restoration of the original status. However, the Empress’ apathetic tone and Adam’s serious tone shows, respectively, both the extent of influence of the affected people, the reality factor of that people, and most significant, the importance of those people upon the current state of the contemporary world.

Leaders Are Being Influenced Dominantly By Either Confidence Or Competence :: Free Essays

Leaders Are Being Influenced Dominantly By Either Confidence Or Competence   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before a person can take any action to lead their followers, they must be able to recognize approximately where their followers are in the developmental cycle. To do this, he or she must watch closely the actions of his or her followers and determine to what degree their actions are being influenced dominantly by either confidence or competence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the leader knows the point of confidence vs. competence in his or her followers, he or she will know which factor to build on. When the leader feels they have successfully motivated their followers to be both very confident and competent, and that the followers are ready and have the responsibility to lead themselves to their goal, then they know that at that point, the followers are ready to accept some leadership themselves.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Once the followers are ready for some leadership of their own, the next problem at hand becomes how to go about empowering them with the leadership responsibilities. Needless to say, the leader cannot simply step away and allow the responsibility to dump onto the followers; surely if that happened, they would quickly lose confidence and possibly competence too. Instead, the leadership and responsibility of the followers should be increased gradually as they are steadily empowered, and at a rate that depends on how well the newly gained leadership is handled.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At all times though, the leader must be prepared to guide or even realign the direction the newly independent followers take. The leader must also realize the risk of failure in the complete empowerment of his or her followers, as starting over completely is hardly possible. Were that to occur, the subject would near definitely experience a severe loss of confidence as a major consequence to a premature empowerment situation.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  And lastly, if a leader is completely successful in empowering his or

Exemplification Essay: War and World Peace :: Expository Exemplification Essays

World Peace is something that will never happen. Too many countries have too much military power and don't want to give in to any other country. War is something that the world is going to have to deal with because there has been very few years over the history of the world that have been war free. Like one quote by an unknown author says, "Peace is rare: less than 8% of the time since the beginning of recorded time has the world been entirely at peace. In a total of 3530 years, 286 have been warless. Eight thousand treaties have been broken in this time." Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 is one of the most influential people of the modern era. (Einstein) As a physicist he changed our understanding of the universe. He was very outspoken about the significant political and social issues of his time. As a Jew he advocated a moral role for the Jewish people. Over his scientific career, he was on a mission for the universal and indisputable laws that govern the physical world. Science was Albert Einstein's love, but he always found time to devote many of his efforts to political causes that were close to his heart. He strived for peace, freedom, and social justice. He became an active leader of the international anti-war movement. (Albert Einstein Archives) Einstein died on April 18, 1955. (Einstein) Einstein said, "I don't know what kind of weapons will be used in the third world war, assuming there will be a third world war. But I can tell you what the fourth world war will be fought with- stone clubs." This means that whatever weapons are used in the third world war will knock us back in time because they will be so powerful. That is also the reason he doesn't know what they will be because they will be so far advanced compared to his time. This is very possible because of the advances some countries have made in their military strength. For example, the United States executed 1054 nuclear tests between July 16, 1945 and September 23,1992. They also executed two nuclear attacks in that period although the number of actual bombs tested in that time period is far greater. Exemplification Essay: War and World Peace :: Expository Exemplification Essays World Peace is something that will never happen. Too many countries have too much military power and don't want to give in to any other country. War is something that the world is going to have to deal with because there has been very few years over the history of the world that have been war free. Like one quote by an unknown author says, "Peace is rare: less than 8% of the time since the beginning of recorded time has the world been entirely at peace. In a total of 3530 years, 286 have been warless. Eight thousand treaties have been broken in this time." Albert Einstein, born on March 14, 1879 is one of the most influential people of the modern era. (Einstein) As a physicist he changed our understanding of the universe. He was very outspoken about the significant political and social issues of his time. As a Jew he advocated a moral role for the Jewish people. Over his scientific career, he was on a mission for the universal and indisputable laws that govern the physical world. Science was Albert Einstein's love, but he always found time to devote many of his efforts to political causes that were close to his heart. He strived for peace, freedom, and social justice. He became an active leader of the international anti-war movement. (Albert Einstein Archives) Einstein died on April 18, 1955. (Einstein) Einstein said, "I don't know what kind of weapons will be used in the third world war, assuming there will be a third world war. But I can tell you what the fourth world war will be fought with- stone clubs." This means that whatever weapons are used in the third world war will knock us back in time because they will be so powerful. That is also the reason he doesn't know what they will be because they will be so far advanced compared to his time. This is very possible because of the advances some countries have made in their military strength. For example, the United States executed 1054 nuclear tests between July 16, 1945 and September 23,1992. They also executed two nuclear attacks in that period although the number of actual bombs tested in that time period is far greater.

Helon Habila’s Waiting For An Angel

Helon Habila developed his talent for writing when he took up Literature in the University of Jos. Being a gifted prose fiction writer and poet; he was given the MUSON poetry prize award in the year 2000. Before going to Lagos to work for Hint Magazine, Helon lectured first at the Federal Polytechnic in Bauchi in a span of three years and was also the Vanguard Newspaper’s arts editor. He is now currently spending his time in the University of East Anglia as a writing fellow. The beginnings of his first famous work started as a compilation of short stories entitled Prison Stories that was published in Nigeria in 2000.Two years after, the full version of the book was released in the UK having the title of Waiting for an Angel. This work of his was then acknowledged as the best first book in the African region and made him won the 2001 Caine Prize for African Writing and the Commonwealth Writers Prize Award in 2003. His latest work was published in 2007 under the title of Measuri ng Time which is a story about twin brothers living in a village in Nigeria. II. Type of Work Helon Habila’s Waiting for an Angel is a fiction that mainly centers on the real events that happened in Nigeria during General Sachi Abacha’s reign.Though the story and the characters were plain fictional, the fact that the people suffered under the military government back then was true. Habila used history as the backbone of his work, weaving stories that tells the real accounts and incidents that the people of Nigeria experienced back in the 1990’s. III. Type of Plot The type of plot used in the novel is mainly geographical. The story took place in the country of Nigeria in the city of Lagos. Most of the events, however concentrated on the slums of Poverty Street where the main character Lombo was working as a journalist.By reading about the lives of the people living in Poverty Street, the readers will be able to have an understanding of the condition in the whole of Nigeria. IV. Setting/ Time of Plot The setting of the story was in Lagos, Nigeria in the time of the 1990’s. Nigeria was in a terrifying state back then and Lagos was known to be the most dangerous city in the world during that time. Nigeria was excluded from the Commonwealth of Nations and almost every country had authorized against it. The country’s human rights abuses were horrifyingly brutal and cases of atrocious violence reigns on the hearts and minds of the people of Nigeria.Military rulers were aimed in plundering the national treasury and the country’s most intelligent thinkers and writers who question the democratic thinking of the military were exterminated by the government under the rule of Sani Abacha. Lagos was in a depressing state and the citizens were trying to preserve a bit of hope in their seemingly hopeless world. The novel shows a time when living an everyday life is a struggle and opportunities are almost illusory. Yet despite the drag ging effects of the dictatorial government to the citizens, the young people still kept their hopes and dreams in the corners of their shadowed existence.(â€Å"Mostly Fiction: Waiting for an Angel†) V. Setting/ Locale The locale of the novel was set in Lagos, a city in Nigeria. Back in the 50s and 60s, the idea of a city was a new thing in Africa since most of the rural citizens were living in villages. This was the cause why Lagos was seen as an alien, a new creation. The city was considered by many as a place where people go and become someone else, forgetting their identity, and the old ways and customs they had when they were still staying in their villages.People have the impression of Lagos as a violent place wherein you have to be able to lose your innocence just to survive in the midst of chaos. The citizens of the place should be wise, strong, independent, and cunning in able to live in such a place that was labeled as the Devil’s City. Yet beneath the cityâ €™s image of chaos and sufferings, there is a representation that Lagos was the kind of vicinity that makes you able to stand in your own feet, giving you a kind of maturity that you will never achieve in a world that was far from pain and hardships. (â€Å"Bbc News: Lagos†)The story features accounts on the lives of Lomba, the primary character, and ordinary citizens living in Poverty Street. The story’s events mostly took place in the slums of Poverty Street which is described as only one of the many feeble, disease-infested residences in the city of Lagos. This is where the climax of the story took place in the event of the demonstration of the people which primarily caused Lomba’s imprisonment for two years. This was also the setting where most of the characters in the story found their respective crossroads. (â€Å"Bbc News: Lagos†) VI.Social and/ or Political Context The context of the story revolves on the political concept of dictatorship of S ani Abacha and the sufferings of the people under his rule. The military governance was more concerned in looting money from the nation’s treasury above anything else and this was the time wherein any hint of disloyalty was mercilessly punished. Nigeria was under the scrutinizing eyes of the military and you can found restlessness in the actions of the people as intimidating Peugots of secret police and patrolling army jeeps inhabit the streets of the city of Lagos.The very air that the citizens breathe in the country was noticeably charged with threat and danger as seen in the perspectives of Lomba, his first love Alice, and in the stories and experiences of the ordinary citizens in the story. Poverty Street was constantly enveloped in fumes and smoke, a nagging sign that solidifies the fact that Nigeria was under the power of a cruel and ruthless ruler. General Abacha’s reign of terror from 1993 to 1998 made his people live with constant fear and shaking hopes. (â₠¬Å"Village Crunch†)Life was made difficult during that time as the people of Nigeria struggled to survive amidst the danger that always seemed to overcome them. People were thrown to prison without trial, as like what happened to the main character Lomba, and some were executed just because of the plain reason that they had the strength to question the military government. The civilians were chained to unjustness and everyone was drowned in their delusion of hope and fairness. The context of the novel centers on the struggle of the people under the heavy weight of unjustness hurled at them by the government.Waiting for an Angel shows a world where comfort was just an illusion and justice non-existent. (â€Å"Village Crunch†) VII. Characterization/ Character Analysis The main character of the story is Lomba, a journalist in the city of Lagos who was imprisoned for two years as a political prisoner because of his unintended participation in a demonstration in Poverty Stre et. He waited vainly for a fictitious trial while in jail but the time came when he finally realized and accepted the fact that his hopes wouldn’t be answered as long as the government was run by the military and General Sachi Abacha.In the novel, Lomba has gone beyond different phases of emotions and perspectives. From beyond anger to the state of tranquility that made him swallow acceptance to his fate. In the middle of his second year in prison, he was able to obtain pencil and paper which were forbidden materials for prisoners and started writing a diary. He wrote in secret about his thoughts and feelings during his detention and hid his pile of papers under his mattress after. The diary became his refuge. It served as his only sanctuary and listener to his private thoughts that were never allowed to be spoken of behind bars.His first entry was dated on the Friday of July 1997 yet he headed most his entries with only the days of the week. Some of his writings which he ent ered using exact dates were mostly incorrect. Two months after he started writing, he unfortunately got caught and his diary, which was actually only piles of papers were confiscated from him. (â€Å"Bookmunch†) Lomba may have accepted his terrible fate as a prisoner but he never lost his hope in regaining back his freedom. An incident came when his jailer, seeing his gift for words, asked him to do love poems for the well-educated woman he is courting.Lomba used this chance to send cryptic messages to the woman named Janice to communicate his need for help and succeeded in the end. (â€Å"Bookmunch†) Lomba was only one of the many people whose lives were severely affected by the coup of the general Sachi Abacha. He lived dark days in prison, losing his identity, belief, and faith. Yet somehow he regained his conviction and fought till the end using his ingenuity. Lomba may have suffered the tortures brought upon by the government but he never lost his ground, molding him into someone with unyielding determination, conviction, and strength.The other characters of the story were Alice, Lomba’s first love who was forced to marry an old and wealthy soldier and his teacher Joshua who served as the main force in engaging Lomba in the demonstration in Poverty Street which caused his imprisonment. Muftau and Janice were also significant characters in the novel. Muftau was the jailer who asked Lomba to write love poems for Janice who in return brought Lomba’s freedom in the end. Also, General Sachi Abacha’s identity has a huge impact in the novel since it is during his time of rule that the complications and climax of the story happened.(â€Å"Bookmunch†) VIII. The Story in the Main The novel is mainly about the sufferings of the people under the rule of General Sachi Abacha for five years. Nigeria was infused with terror and the people lived in fear as the military government took hold on the whole country. The setting of the story took place in the city of Lagos but most of the events were centered on the slums of Poverty Street. Lomba, the main character was a journalist in the city who was put into jail as a political prisoner because of his participation in a demonstration that was supposed to oppose the doings of the government.He was detained for two years in prison without trial until he came to the point where he finally accepted his grim fate. On the middle of his second year in jail, Lomba was able to gain access on some pencil and paper and started writing a diary. His first entry was on the Friday of July 1997 though he simply used the days of the week as heading to his succeeding entries. After two months of writing in secret, someone informed the head of the prison about the diary which caused its confiscation. Lomba’s only refuge in his dark days in prison was snatched away from him and he yet again entered a time of depression and loneliness.(â€Å"Village Crunch†) Another event, however, gave Lomba another chance to hope when Muftau asked a favor from hi. Muftau was his jailer and seeing Lomba’s work on his confiscated diary, he asked him to write some love poems to woo the woman she likes. Lomba, on the other hand never missed the chance he was given and started using his poems as tools to ask for help. He intentionally plagiarized some lines form famous poets which have secret meanings behind them to communicate what he wants to say. Lomba was able to pass his message without making the poorly educated Muftau to suspect by using his ingenuity in writing.Janice on the other hand was fortunately well-educated and so was able to decode the meaning behind the poems that was given to her. In the end, she was the one who served as the tool in giving Lomba his freedom. There are also other events in the novel that made it look non-fictional by using characters in real life. Some of these events were the hanging of Ken Saro Wiwa, the killing of the editor of the NEwswatch magazine Dele Giwa, and the shooting of the wife of Abiola who was actually the nemesis of General Abacha.There was also a part in the novel where Lomba met Helon Habila himself which made the story even more realistic. (â€Å"Village Crunch†) Waiting for an Angel communicates the hardships of the people under the unjust government of Abacha during that time in such a way that the reader will even wonder what kind of life they will have if they lived on the same timeframe. The debut novel of Helon Habila centers on fear, exposing the atrocities of the years under Abacha’s reign. One of the main highlights of the story however was the people’s conviction in having hope despite of the sufferings they are experiencing.The characters of the novel possesses a kind of touching, inspirational kind of humanity that tells the fact that hope can still exist in times when comfort can only be achieved in dreams. IX. the Analysis of the Work Habila di d an exquisite work on this debut novel of his. He was able to turn the story into something that was still interesting despite of the heavy themes it possesses. Because of the artistic sequence of the story and the interesting non-fiction quality of it, Waiting for an Angel can be considered as one of the best fictional works about real events. X. Thematic Structure/ Development of Various ThemesThe main theme of the story is about sufferings of the people under the regime of Sachi Abachan. Fear, the longing for justice, and fighting for hope are also just some of the themes that the story have. The citizens of Nigeria’s silent struggle for a new life despite of their unending struggles are just one of the most important highlights of the story. Waiting for an Angel revolves around the concepts of wretchedness, fate, and death but in such a way that it not so overly depressing compared to other books because of the unsentimental approach that focuses on the details of the li fe of the characters.XI. Language, Structure, and Style Helon Habila presented his work in a language that was easily understood even by the not so deep reader. He structured his novel in such a way that the first chapter was actually the first in chronological order. It begins with the event in which Lomba was already imprisoned and was writing the beginnings of his forbidden diary. The succeeding chapters then narrate the life of Lomba before he was put in jail as well as the lives of the people he knew that intersected his.Through this presentation of structure, the readers were able to know what will become of Lomba’s fate in the end. The readers were put in the place of a dreamer who hopes with every passing page that Lomba will somehow find a resolution the can change his fate. The novel’s structure strengthened the book’s effect and made it clarifying instead of turning it into a confusing one. In presenting the book in this order, the readers were able t o recognize the characters, places, or situations and something of its past or future.Through this, simple actions or phrases that tend to have little significance were given more importance. XII. Literary Techniques and Devices Like what was mentioned above, the most noticeable technique that Habila used was not presenting the events in chronological order. He also made his work look realistic by inserting himself in one of the parts of the story as well as other events and people that were fictional. Waiting for an Angel was as factual as life can be because of its genuine expression of the hardships and sufferings of the people in Nigeria.XIII. Critical Evaluation/ General Assessment Waiting for an Angel possesses the kind of prolonged existence that exceeds most of the current contemporary fictions released today. The novel was able to converse clearly the message that Habila wants to communicate about. The story was also not so overly depressing despite the fact that most of it s themes were about death, unjustness, and sufferings. Habila was able to write about these emotional themes in such a way that the novel was not so boring and dragging.Yet at the same time, the readers were able to feel the emotions in the story in such a way that they could almost see themselves in place of the citizens in Nigeria. Helon Habila did a great job in this novel of his, giving life to a world that was still waiting for the arrival of their angel. There could be another Habila and another Lomba in this part of the world and their struggle would not be heard. And yet there will be another injustice. It is a never-ending cycle of struggle and fight for freedom. There is only one thing sure. That at the end of the story the victim always loses.Lucky for Lomba he was only fictionalized in a way that he could give hope to those who are in his struggle today. Let the world know that fighting for your right to live in a free world is not a sin but a privilege. And the world kn ow that you are doing it not for yourself but for the next generation who are bound to be helpless and alone. And for the final words, let those who come upon this novel that there is hope after all the storm. REFERENCES: â€Å"Bbc News: Lagos. † (2007). â€Å"Bookmunch. † (2007). â€Å"Mostly Fiction: Waiting for an Angel. † (2007). â€Å"Village Crunch. † (2007).

Barriers and Drivers to Sustainability

This project has been assisted by the NSW Governmen t through its Environmental Trust. How to overcome common barriers and make the most of key drivers to sustainability About this guide This guide draws upon research completed in 2009 fo r the Urban Sustainability Support Alliance (USSA) by the Institute for Sustainable Futures (ISF), Univer sity of Technology, Sydney, into the Barriers and D rivers to Sustainability in Local Government. This guide has been developed to assist council sus tainability practitioners to identify key drivers and common barriers often experienced when working towa rds sustainability. Why develop a guide? The guide adds value to the research by providing p ractical examples of strategies councils have used to overcome barriers and make the most of key drivers to sustainability. The examples provided have come directly from sustainability practitioners who have shared their initiatives with LGSA. The barriers and drivers are listed broadly in the order of significance indentified in the research. Complementary barriers and drivers are grouped toge ther to demonstrate the inter-relationships between barriers and drivers. More information: If you have additional examples to add to this guid e or if you require any assistance in taking any of the following actions please contact the Sustainability Team on (02) 9242 4000 or email [email  protected] Electronic copies of the research report and this g uide are available from the LGSA website: www.lgsa.org.au look under â€Å"ESD†. Gui de developed July 2009 Updated July 2012 Sustainability Learning Guide: Barriers and Drivers to SustainabilityThis project has been assisted by the NSW Governmen t through its Environmental Trust. Commonly identified Barriers and Drivers to Sustain ability: Barrier = Driver = Common Barrier or Driver What the interviews tell us How can I overcome this barrier? or How can I make the most from this driver? Lack of Organisational Support A lack of leadership or the failure of leadership to inspire others in the organisation. Despite a good reputation, the sustainability agenda often relies on individuals and occurs only in pockets across councils. Use examples of what other councils have done. Case studies can be used as a business case for sustainability. External experts or facilitators can be used to help raise awareness of sustainability internally. When communicating to senior management on sustainability issues do it in a meaningful and memorable way. Try using statistics and graphs. Get your sustainability initiatives recognised externally by submitting awards applications. General manager and senior management support The level of personal commitment, knowledge and leadership provided by senior management, in particular the General Manager of the council. Recognise staff achievements in the area of sustainability. The intranet and staff newsletters are possible tools. Reward staff achievements in the area of sustainability e.g. Staff Awards Program Ask your GM to endorse your work by inviting them to speak at relevant meetings and training sessions. Mayor and councillor leadership Strong leadership from the elected council. Simply having one or two new councillors who are open to, and positive about, sustainability can be a key driver. Harness councillor support by inviting them to pilot and champion council sustainability initiatives. Use your mayor as a speaker for council events. Encourage councillors to become representatives on sustainability committees.This project has been assisted by the NSW Governmen t through its Environmental Trust. Common Barrier or Driver What the interviews tell us How can I overcome this barrier? or How can I make the most from this driver? Gap between Theory & Practice A mismatch between what is espoused and what is practiced. Policies not being carried through to implementation. Integrate sustainability into councils management plans, job descriptions and induction training. Build momentum by doing the little things right. It is better to excel in a few targeted areas rather than have average performance across a wide range of areas. Sympathetic organisational structure The level of openness of staff to change can effect how sympathetic they are to the sustainability agenda. A council motivated to come up with new and improved ways of doing things. A history of strong leadership and a policy of recruiting people with these values and skills can contribute to a sympathetic organisational culture. Make the most of a positive organisational culture by involving staff from across the organisation in sustainability planning and actions. Create opportunities for staff to exchange ideas about sustainability. Start an internal sustainability committee or host lunch time sustainability discussions. Lack of staff capacity and high staff turn over Staff with responsibilities for engaging their organisation or community in sustainability, feel the pressures of their wide ranging responsibilities and the types of skills required of them. There is a need for increasing skills of staff more generally. High staff turnover and loss of corporate knowledge. Improve staff capacity to work on sustainability issues by developing an internal sustainability committee made up of staff from different divisions. Support professional development opportunities around sustainability. Consider implementing a mentoring program to give staff additional support. Dedicated sustainability staff Having a sustainability position or a sustainability team was identified as a major enabler. However regardless of a person's job title or position within council, staff who are highly motivated and posses skills in motivating others are extremely important. Recognise dedicated staff by offering incentives such as staff bonuses and awards. Encourage sustainability staff to speak at conferences.This project has been assisted by the NSW Governmen t through its Environmental Trust. Common Barrier or Driver What the interviews tell us How can I overcome this barrier? or How can I make the most from this driver? Competing priorities A lower priority for environmental or social equity issues was often a reflection of prevailing community attitudes, or lobbying by particular interest groups. Host sustainability workshops to raise community awareness and build community support. Use community expectations and concerns to highlight the importance of sustainability issues. Media coverage of global and local issues Increased media coverage of sustainability issues can increase the level of understanding and support for issues such as climate change and other environmental issues. Use an interesting angle and eye catching pictures. Link local sustainability programs and events to current and dominant issues in the media. Active and engaged community Active communities can have a major influence on the policies and priorities of the elected council. For example the influence of letters advocating action on particular issues. Involve community champions in workshops; e.g. to give a short presentation on a topic of their interest. Popular social media tools such as Facebook and YouTube can be used to harness community support. Inadequate systems for managing information For many councils, data management and IT systems present real challenges. The problems of complex and incompatible systems, or lack of automation, can add to the time involved in planning, coordination and reporting. Use internal financial management systems to track sustainable procurement. Investigate the use of external companies to monitor your water and energy consumption. Effective management systems Internal management systems that brake down silos and ensure easy access to information can help achieve sustainability outcomes. If you are using good systems for sustainability outcomes promote their use both internally and externally.This project has been assisted by the NSW Governmen t through its Environmental Trust. Common Barrier or Driver What the interviews tell us How can I overcome this barrier? or How can I make the most from this driver? Lack of internal and external funding A lack of resources can limit the implementation of actions in sustainability plans. The current economic climate is putting a strain on council budgets, with implications for staffing. Set up a revolving energy fund. The money that is saved from reduced energy consumption is reinvested in sustainability programs. Use a grant database to track upcoming grants and avoid missed opportunities. Partner with other councils or organisations to develop regional grant applications. Apply for an environment/sustainability levy. Identify and implement low cost initiatives. External funding External funding allows greater access to resources that support sustainability internally. Use the opportunity of external funding to integrate sustainability into councils operations. Regularly communicate your project outcomes to senior management to increase ownership. Ensure your sustainability initiatives are as self sustaining as possible when the funding ceases. Difficulty dealing with government agencies While relationships are often very good at a personal level with officers in other government agencies, the lack of co- ordination between federal and state plans and agencies, and between state agencies, complicated work at the local level unnecessarily and often hindered progress. Partner with state and federal agencies in grant applications. Network with government agencies. Organise round tables with government agencies to progress difficult issues. Partnerships and external agency support Positive partnerships with other agencies such as local Catchment Management Authority (CMA) and/or Regional Organisation of Councils (ROC). Use your partnerships to increase resources, provide joint training opportunities and facilitate information.This project has been assisted by the NSW Governmen t through its Environmental Trust. Common Barrier or Driver What the interviews tell us How can I overcome this barrier? or How can I make the most from this driver? Supportive Legislation The principles of Ecologically Sustainable Development outlined in the Local Government Act 1993 and related requirements can be used as an important driver. Educate the community, council staff and councillors about legislation e.g. LGSA's Understanding Sustainability for Councillors Course Link councils sustainability projects to relevant legislation. Inadequate Legislation While legislation was recognised as a driver, it was also a common view that it is behind current practice and that the debates and issues in the Local Government sector now are at a very different stage from when the Local Government Act 1993 was drafted. Actively participate in consultation phases of key legislation. Aim to go above and beyond the requirements. Research and development challenges Environment and sustainability positions generally required new knowledge and new ways of doing things, but time for reflection, reading and keeping up with developments is a challenge. Costs involved in obtaining reliable data, and finding appropriate and affordable external assistance can also be a challenge. Partner with universities to gain access to sustainability research and expertise. Subscribe to sustainability networks which allow for transfer of knowledge and approaches e.g. www.sustainablenet.org.au The language of sustainability While practitioners in this area understand sustainability is convenient short hand for a set of well understood principles, the term often proved problematic when used in a broader audience. This is often adds to confusion about the term â€Å"sustainability†. Encourage council and the community to define what sustainability means to them. Develop a shared sustainability vision and understandings. Sustainability newsletters, sustainability induction and sustainability surveys can be used to build awareness of key principles.

Buying a House in Today’s Economy Essay

The economy can make or break many decisions and on buying a house is a major one to make sure that the economy is in a good state that buying a house is not the right decision. When it comes to the marginal benefit the economy should be at an increase because purchasing the house is not anything that needs to be done but it is something that one wants to do and if the economy is bad then there is not any money available to make the extra purchase of buying a home at that time. Marginal ost in purchasing a house can affect economy by the simple fact of saving money here and there on some things in order to make sure that that they have money available to buy the house. The selling of the products they might have bought will decrease the economies profits. The removal of tax deduction on the mortgage interest affects the housing market because it will cause people to not be buying houses because some see the tax as a cushion for them to be able to get a house that they may not have had a chance to et based on their income. If they do not have a feeling of safety in purchasing a home they will not take the chance. The ways that government spends money on other things and the taxes make a decision a bit harder because a person Just wants to make sure that buying the house will not result in not having any money to do anything else. If the government ends up spending money on things not needed then there will not be enough money in banks and other finance resources that can help a person purchase a home.

What Was More Important In Choosing A Successor Religion

Although, source B and D have evidence that religion as still a slight factor that was taken into consideration. Source B is a historians summary of the events surrounding Lady Jane Grey brief reign. It begins to state how towards the end of Edwards reign he and Northumberland were very aware that his successor would be his catholic sister, Mary. They planned to alter the succession in order to ‘secure Protestantism. ‘ This part of the source clearly shows how determined Edward and Northumberland were at keeping the protestant rule over England.This is because they had spent Edwards rule converting the country to Protestantism and building up power under this religion and if this were then to be changed to Catholicism then the main concern would be the loss of power for some, including Northumberland. In a way, the reason religion was being considered over legitimacy is because Northumberland had convinced Edward to do so. There is no hiding the fact that Edward would do most things that Northumberland would tell him to so what would stop him from altering the succession act if that is what Northumberland wanted.If Protestantism were to continue as the ruling religion then Northumberland loud be able to keep his position of power and if this religion were to be continued with the rule of Lady Jane Grey then Northumberland powers would have increased due to the fact that his son was married to Jane Grey. Whereas in the second half of the source it says how Mary was decided as successor and done by the power of her legitimacy. She was crowned successor because she made it so there was ‘a much wider appeal to legitimacy and a careful avoidance of religious issues. People appealed because she avoided religion, showing that is was not an influential aspect cause people didn't have a great concern towards her being a catholic, and because she based her appeal on the fact that she was legitimate because her father was Henry VIII, the people cared mor e for the relationship of royal blood. The fact that this source is written by a historian is beneficial to the comparison Of which was more important, religion or legitimacy, because he's able to give a over view of the events without the influence of any bias compared to if the source were to be written by someone of the time.Overall this source shows how although religion may on been put into consideration ND may of been really important to others, it doesn't stop that legitimacy became the final decider of who would be successor; going against that ‘in 1 542 and 1 558 religion was more important consideration then legitimacy in settling the succession to the crown. ‘ Source D is also showing how both religion and legitimacy were used to decide a successor. Source D is written by a servant of the king of Spain from the courts deciding on the arrangements for Mays successor.Although it's written by a slave I doubt there would be much bias because he is a servant of the King of Spain who as no interest in the succession and the fact that he will not gain anything from this due to the arrangements in his and Mar's marriage contract. The source begins by saying how the Privy Council had to persuade Mary to agree to Elizabeth as her successor because Mary did not want this to be the case seeing as Mary had converted England to Catholicism after Edwards rule as a protestant and now another protestant would be placed in rule causing her efforts to become meaningless.However, she did agree but with the terms that Elizabeth will: ‘maintain the Old religion as the Queen had restored it; and he other that she will pay the Queen's debts. ‘ Therefore, Elizabeth is chosen as successor completely due to the fact that she has the highest standing of legitimacy but Mary does not want her efforts as Queen to be over looked and disregarded which is why she wishes for Catholicism to be maintained. This agreement is carried out even though Mary knows tha t Elizabeth is most likely to break those promises which show that all Mary truly cares about is legitimacy.As long as the Tudor blood line continues in power, religion does not alter the choice of successor. Again, religion may be considered and important to some yet the decision of successor will always depend on their legitimacy because that's what everyone knows truly counts. Both of sources B and D show how religion may of been important to certain individuals but legitimacy would always over rule. The power of legitimacy is shown within sources A and C; Source A is from the third succession act written by Henry VIII with the permission of the Privy Council.It states how after Henry and Edwards death, then the thrown should pass to Mary and her heirs, then onto Elizabeth and her heirs if Mary were to die without any children. Religion is not mention once within this source because Henrys main concern was to provide the thrown with Tudor successors for years to come. We can tell that religion plays no part with Henry because he willing left the Catholic Church and created the Church of England just so he would be able to have control and grant himself a divorce from his first wife and another to come.His many wives also show his determination to provide heirs to the throne because he had 6 wives in order to create a son who would rule England after his death. Henry was so committed to making sure that the throne would continue with the Tudor name. Also due to this act being passed with the permission of the Privy Council shows that they too do not care about the religion someone has, as long as they fit the part of being ruler of England. No mention of religion and no concern towards what the future successors religious preference may be, the only thing that matters is who will be in control of England in the future.Now for the third time its going against the original statement. Source C is also going against religion being more important than astigmatic. It is a response to Marry letters claiming her right to the throne. The Privy Council are telling Mary that it is Jane Grey who is the rightful successor to the throne due to letters Edward wrote before his death and that due to the divorce of her mother and Henry VIII it causes Mary to be illegitimate.Legitimacy is used within this source to strengthen the position of Lady Jane Grey and weaken the position of Mary. They use it to say that Jane Grey is clearly the right successor because she has a relation to Henry VIII, yet even though Mary is his daughter they choose to disregard her because of a succession act that called her illegitimate even though later on that succession act was over thrown by the third succession act.Even though religion isn't mentioned we know that this response has been written because Edward was desperate to have a protestant as his SUccessor which is why so much weight is put on Edwards ‘Great seal of England. ‘ The PRI,y Council know they h ave a very slim chance at making Jane Grey successor over Mary' but they were willing to try. Yet in the sense of this source it heavily relies on legitimacy, even though Jane Grey isn't the true person to be next in line. The Privy Council have an agenda and purpose that they are trying very hard to fulfill.However, we know that they actually failed to place Lady Jane Grey as the rightful ruler of England because Mary was able to gain the support of the people who believed and knew she was the rightful successor due to her father being Henry VIII and Lady Jane Grey only being a cousin. This source shows how true legitimacy is much more powerful than the word of an existing King. Over all, there is without a doubt that between 1542 and 1 558 elision was not more of an important consideration over legitimacy when it came to choosing a successor.