Pete Rose in the Hall of Fame Essay - 995 Words

Pete Rose in the Hall of Fame To some, including myself, baseball is the greatest sport that has ever been played. It is a game played by two opposing teams made of multiple players, but only nine players per team play at the same time. To be part of one of the thirty teams that get to play professional baseball, a player has to play the game extremely well (www.baseballhalloffame.com). When a player plays the game better than most have played he gets rewarded, usually with lots of money in a big contract. Then there are those rare players, the 244 elite players of the game that have already been inducted into the Hall of Fame. Being inducted in the Hall of Fame is the utmost of baseball fame. The players listed are remembered forever.†¦show more content†¦He did not report cash money he accepted for signing baseballs and photographs at baseball card shows (Reston 1997). It is still to this day not proven that Rose did bet on the baseball team that he was managing. Rose himself still holds true to his st atement that he never bet on the game of baseball. Evidence is minimal and it has been over ten years, yet he is still ineligible to be voted into the Hall of Fame. If it was left up to his statistics, he should have been inducted years ago. There are a handful of the 244 elites that are in the Hall of Fame that did far worse things than gamble on the game of baseball or evade paying their taxes. For instance, the beloved Ty Cobb was a horrible racist and once admitted killing a man. One day while walking in Detroit, he stepped in freshly poured asphalt. Then a construction worker, named Fred Collins, who just happened to be black, yelled at him. Cobb responded by slapping Collins to the ground. Cobb was found guilty by the courts, and received a suspended sentence. Collins filed a civil suit, but settled out of court for $75. Ty Cobb had to deal with the law in one form or another many different times for striking black men (www.totalbaseball.com). The powers that run the baseball organization seem to turn their eyes, quite conveniently, away from any number of wife-beaters, and drug addicts everyday. They let known, proven criminalsShow MoreRelatedPete Rose And The Hall Of Fame895 Words   |  4 PagesMy controversial topic is on Pete Rose and how he should be inducted into Baseball’s Hall of Fame. Pete Rose was a player that I looked up to when I was a young boy playing baseball. I was a big fan of his collecting all of his baseball cards from rookie year up to the present time. Now, most of the baseball critics and others do not want Pete Rose inducted. They claim that his illegal betting on baseball games should keep him out of the Hall of Fame. Almost all of the highly questionable evidenceRead MorePete Rose Should Be Allowed Into the Hall of Fame991 Words   |  4 PagesReds fan mind is why Pete Rose should be allowed into the Hall of Fame? Most players that have been inducted in the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame such as, Nolan Ryan, Tom Seaver, and everyone else were inducted for their pitching or baseball playing ability. Therefore, the main idea of being accepted into the Hall of Fame would be how well each player performed on the field during their career. When the baseball commissioner in 1989 Bart Giamatti barred Pete Rose from baseball after anRead MoreThe Pete Rose : The Major League Baseball Hall Of Fame1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe Pete Rose Dilemma â€Å"Does Pete Rose belong in the Major League Baseball Hall of Fame?† This is a question that is debated among many pundits for a number of decades. Rose is undeniably one of the best hitters in the game of baseball. Twenty plus years ago, however, he was banned from the game due to the gambling allegations made against him. â€Å"Outside of baseball and my family, nothing has ever given me the pleasure, relaxation, or excitement that I got from gambling. Gambling provided an escapeRead More Supporting Ban on Pete Rose from Baseball Hall of Fame Essay2232 Words   |  9 Pagesrules and regulations which should be followed and enforced. The Baseball Hall of Fame honors persons who have excelled in playing, managing, and serving the sport. Having ten years of experience in the game and five years of retirement players who pass a screening committee become eligible to be voted into the Hall of Fame. The main discussion now is whether or not to allow Pete Rose into the Baseball Hall of Fame, after betting on baseball while he was a player and manager of the CincinnatiRead MorePete Rose Baseball Scandal Essay1576 Words   |  7 Pages1980’s Pete Rose betting scandal. Aside from the public humiliation he brought his family and the Cincinnati Reds, nothing has done more to hurt Pete Rose than his lifetime ban from baseball making him ineligible for hall of fame. While many are for and against putting Pete Rose in the hall of fame, the four ethical theories, Kantianism, Utilitarianism, Egoism, and Ethical Realism, each have their own unique answer to the question. Through Kantianism Pete Rose should be inducted into the hall of fameRead MoreThe Baseball Hall Of Fame1174 Words   |  5 Pagescommunity as one of the game’s biggest icons, Pete Rose, agreed to permanent ineligibility from major league baseball activities for betting on his own team as both a player and m anager. As a result, he was also banned for life from the Baseball Hall of Fame. A month ago, in September 2015, MLB’s all-time hits leader met with the commissioner of baseball, Rob Manfred, regarding the possibility of being granted induction into the Baseball Hall of Fame. This has once again sparked debate and dividesRead More A Rose in the Hall Essays1080 Words   |  5 PagesA Rose in the Hall In 1989 Pete Rose, one of baseball’s greatest, lost all the respect he had gain in his successful career. That year, the league had brought to there attention that Pete Rose was a chronic gambler. Eventually Pete Rose ended up being banned from baseball. Now he wants a chance for a spot in the Hall of Fame, a place for baseball’s greatest. The question of whether or not Pete Rose should be accepted into the Hall of Fame has been a source of great controversyRead MoreBaseball in America Essay1555 Words   |  7 Pageslarge cities in the eastern United States had a professional baseball team. Theres been many different things in the past and current history that has impact baseball majorly. Some of them are Pete Rose when he bet on games back in 1983, The 1994 Baseball Strike, and the usage of steroids or PEDs. Pete Rose was born in 1941 in Cincinnati, Ohio and while he was growing up a young kid he cheered for the hometown team which was the Cincinnati Reds. Once he retired from the game of baseball in 1986 heRead More Pete Rose Essay1970 Words   |  8 Pages Pete Rose Bart Giamatti’s decision to ban Pete Rose from the Baseball Hall of Fame was not a fair decision at all. Pete Rose was placed on Baseball’s ineligible list in 1989 when commissioner of baseball, Bart Giamatti concluded that Rose had bet on baseball games, including games involving his own team, the Cincinnati Reds. In an agreement made with Baseball, Rose accepted his banishment from the sport. Although he never admitted to having gambled on baseball games (Maury). Pete Rose was aRead MorePete Rose Psychology Personality1607 Words   |  7 Pages Publisher: Rodale Books Copyright: 2004 Pete Rose was born on April 14, 1941 and grew up in Cincinnati, Ohio with his parents Harry and LaVerne Rose. His father Harry could be described as hard-working, tough, and hard-nosed, especially when it came to sports. Harry played semi-pro football and always pushed Pete to give 110% at all times. This attitude and effort that Pete was exposed to growing up with a man like Harry stuck with Pete his entire life and as a result he earned the nickname â€Å"Charlie

Company Structure Bat Is Controlled By A Board - 1385 Words

Company structure: BAT is controlled by a board which is responsible for the vision and strategic direction of the company, which include—group policies, major corporate activities, annual report approval, budget, etc102. Below the board, there are two main boards as shown below103. Management Board – responsible for the implementation of the group’s strategy and policies, the framework for daily operations of operating subsidiaries. This board consists of 12 senior group executives, the financial director, and chaired by the chief executive. Next-Generation Products (NGP) Board – focuses entirely on non-combustible tobacco and nicotine-based products. This group is comprised of both the financial director, managing director, and chaired by the chief executive. In addition, there are four main committees104 Audit Committee – responsible for the group’s financial statements and formal statements regarding the company’s performance; group’s accounting policies; effectiveness of the group’s accounting; internal audit functions; and external auditing. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Committee – responsible for the overall management of CSR; the group’s strategy and management of significant social, environmental and reputational issues; sustainability; and effectiveness of CSR governance. Nominations Committee – responsible for reviewing the structure, size, and composition of the company’s boards; procedure for appointing directors;Show MoreRelatedCarbon Nanotubes : Methods Of Preparation And Applications1364 Words   |  6 Pagesnanotubes are synthesised. In producing of CNTs by using CVD method , catalyst helps to CNTs to grow from at surfaces. The growth of the nanotubes can be controlled by van der Waals forces and applied electric fields. The growth approach is feasible with discrete catalytic nanoparticles and scalable on large ose in nanoparticles and nanowires. Controlled synthesis of CNTs leads good opportunities in following fields like electrical, and electromechanical properties and devices, chemical, mechanical, surfaceRead MoreBusiness Communication Practice at Bat4241 Words   |  17 Pagesfrom both primary and secondary sources. The primary source is oral interview with some company personnel while the secondary sources are company brochures and website. 1.5 Limitations The contents of this report are collected mainly through oral interview of some company personnel. Naturally they declined to give information which is confidential and related to the non-disclosed strategy of the company. So incompleteness in the information provided here is inevitable. 1.6 Definitions, AcronymsRead MoreBritish American Tobacco - Corporate governance Essay2967 Words   |  12 PagesIntroductionï ¼Å¡500 Corporate governance background 250 To begin with we will provide a brief background on the corporate governance. The system of rules, practices and processes by which a company is directed and controlled. Corporate governance essentially involves balancing the interests of the many stakeholders in a company - these include its shareholders, management, customers, suppliers, financiers, government and the community. Since corporate governance also provides the framework for attaining aRead MoreBlack Economic Empowerment and Corporate Governance in Zimbabwe2764 Words   |  12 Pagesand includes a descendant of such a person. 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DECLARATION I declare that this thesis is my original work and, to the best of my knowledge, has not been submitted to any university for a degreeRead MoreCorporate Social Responsibility: Global Definition of Csr, Impact of Csr on Smes, Best Practices, and Strategies Could Be Implemented in Bangladesh.10265 Words   |  42 Pageson the other. Companies engaged in CSR are reporting benefits to their reputation and their bottom line. We cannot build the case for CSR solely because of its economic benefits - an ethical case must be made for companies taking responsibility for the impact of their relations with society and the environment, otherwise the foundations of CSR will be far too narrow. 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Contemporary Health Environment in Respect to Nursing

Questions: 1. What is the role of the enrolled nursed in nursing research? 2. Discuss the purpose of nursing research in relation to:discovering new nursing knowledgesolving nursing problemsprofessional curiosity 3. Define validity and reliability in relation to research. 4. Explain the stages in evidence-based practice under the following headings:AssessmentAnalysisProblem identificationPlanningImplementationEvaluation 5. What are 3 individual values and perceptions that may need to be addressed if requesting an individual to participate in research? 6. What are the emotional and physical needs of family and significant others when supporting the individual to participate in research? 7. Discuss the following ethical considerations when undertaking nursing research:Informed consentConfidentialitySafeguards e.g. ethical committees, consent forms 8. What are 5 forms of data collection used in research and how are they used? 9. Define and discuss the following 3 research methodologies: 10. Using the two articles provided on Blackboard answer the following questions and also explain your answer (do not just state yes or no) using the evidence within the article. Research article 1: Which research method was used?Is the method appropriate to the question?Was the data collection identified?Was the sample group large enough?Did the article explore the feelings or reactions of the participants?Were the findings established and clearly documented? Research article 2:Which research method was used?Were the participants clearly identified?Was the study valid?Was the sample group large enough?Is the study reliable?Are the results generalised?Was the research question answered? 11. Define evidence-based practice? 12. What is the ENs role regarding using evidence-based practice? Provide one example. Answers: 1. The role of the enrolled nurse in nursing research is to develop interventions for an existing issue that the patients face and the nurses encounter while treating them (Parahoo 2014). EN in nursing research also makes plans and strategies to evaluate and impart treatment to the patients.2. From the aspect of discovering new nursing knowledge, nursing research is necessary. When a nurse carries out relevant research concerning the ailment of a patient, it helps the nurse in widening the hemisphere on knowledge. This, results in effective treatment and care provided to the patient.From the aspect of solving nursing problems, nursing research is also necessary. Having a background on the research, it helps in facing issues of the patients with greater confidence and without any assistance on the part of the physician.From the aspect of professional curiosity, nursing research will increase the inquisitiveness of the nurses, helping in exploration of newer dimensions. 3. Validity and reliability in relation to research Validity is said to be the extent to what a particular concept is precisely measured in a research study (Parahoo 2014). Reliability indicates the result accuracy. Validity is a narrowed-down idea that illustrates the closeness what is believed and what is actually measured by the researchers (Parahoo 2014). Simultaneously, reliability is crucial condition for research validity. 4. The steps in evidence-based practice include assessment, analysis, problem identification, planning, implementation and evaluation. In evidence-based practice, assessment is an important step, whether the researchers decide on the contemporary practice and select a suitable topic relevant to their area of practice (Papathanasiou, Tsaras and Sarafis 2014). Next, they carry out a thorough analysis, where they could obtain required literature and identify certain problems. Based on that, aims and objectives could be developed. Subsequently, proper planning is done in order to understand the budget, people and estimate time to accomplish the research. Upon approval, they could implement the plan and finally evaluate the data to reach to a valid conclusion. 5. While carrying out a nursing research, individual values and perceptions should be addressed, if requesting individuals to participate in research. Consent, confidentiality and ethics need to be addressed while requesting participants to take part in a research. A written consent enables the researchers to inform the participants about the research topic (Munhall 2012). Written consent should also be taken from the organizations or authorities under which a research is about to be accomplished. It is a mode of transparent communication, where the participants understand the purpose of the research. The researchers should also be informed if participants are unwilling to take part in a research. The researchers should also ensure that the data obtained from the participants are kept confidential by not revealing to a third party and thereby, carried out the research under strict ethical consideration. This further provides data safety of the entire nursing research. By maintaining these values, the researchers could make sure that they carry out any research under strict ethical consideration. 6. The emotional and physical needs of family and significant others needs to be catered to by the nurse while carrying out the research on the subject. It is necessary to provide emotional support to the family members as they might be in distress.7. It is necessary to consider the informed consent in respect to the ethical considerations, because the subject (patient) as well as the family members needs to know the details of the research, which is to be carried out on the patient. The patient will be detailed regarding it (Johnstone 2015).Both the patient and the nurse should fill the confidentiality form. The patient should not reveal the details of the research to anyone and the nurse should not reveal any details of the subject to anyone outside the research facility.The nurse should get prior permission in carrying out the research involving live human subjects from the ethical committee responsible for this kind of research. Necessary consent forms should be signed by everyon e related to the research. 8. The five forms of data collection method used and their uses are given below (Lewis 2015): Self reports refers to gathering information from people by questioning them and it can be on the basis of a self administered questionnaire or with the help of interview methods. Bio-physiologic measurements refers to collecting biophysical based data from the patients with the help of specialized equipments in order to assess the physical as well as the biological status of the patients. Observational method refers to the involvement of the systemic form of selection, observation as well as the recording of the behavior, settings as well as the events, which is relevant to an issue related to the patient who is under investigation. Psychometric measurements refers to the use of psychometric tools such as inventories, instruments, questionnaires, measures, surveys that the nurses use in order to quantify and analyze abstract variables. Projective technique (for analyzing quanititative data), Q sorts (to measure the progress of the patient in respect to time), Vignette (tool for measuring the process of care in respect to the clinical aspect) 9. Research methodologies in respect to nursing can be divided into two broad categories, such as qualitative and quantitative research methodology. Qualitative research is further divided into different categories such as, phenomenology, ethnology, grounded theory, historical method and case study (Holloway and Wheeler 2013). Quantitative research is further divided into different categories such as, descriptive, co relational, quasi-experimental and experimental. 10. Research article 1 Qualitative research method was used to carry out the present research (Agar et al. 2012). The research aimed to carry out a comparison between nurses regarding delirium related decision making, who are working in aged care, oncology department, palliative care and aged care psychiatry. In order to carry out the comparison, it is necessary to obtain and understand the perspectives of the respective nurses. Qualitative methods are majorly used in exploratory research that enables the researchers to understand the underlying motivations, opinion and reasons. In case of article 1, the researchers have conducted a semi-structured interview of the participant nurses in order to explore their ideas and views on delirium evaluation and management. Hence, it could be mentioned that the application of qualitative method is appropriate to the research question. It is mentioned in the research article that the data was collected by using semi-structured interviews, which included series of open questions that provided the participants with an opportunity to express their views and ideas. Hence, it could be mentioned that the data collection was identified. The researchers considered 40 nurses to carry out the present research, from which it could be mentioned that, for a sole qualitative study, 40 participants were large enough to obtain data in order to evaluate their views and opinions on delirium assessment and management, which further provided the researchers with an opportunity to develop short and precise themes. Sample size of more than 40 might have generated a risk of getting diverted from the research aim. However, from a statistical perspective, it should be mentioned that participant selection for group survey involves certain percentage of margin of error, for example: at confidence level of 95%, a sample group of 10 numbers of people could give rise to almost 32% of margin of error, a sample group of 10 numbers of people could give rise to almost 22.4% of margin of error. Less number of samples, therefore, would not be a reliable data source. From the participants responses the researchers have developed four analytical themes that include superficial understanding and recognition of delirium, management, assessment and consequences on others. Hence, it could be stated that the article explored the reactions or feelings of the participants. The themes pinpointed the real-life occurrences related to the selected research topic that further enabled the researchers to come to a logical conclusion. The researchers not only developed themes from the gathered data, but also have clearly mentioned about the participants demographics that include age, qualification, time of work, experience in different areas like aged care, oncology, aged care psychiatry and palliative care facility, which further demonstrated that the findings were well documented and established. Research article 2 The research method that was used was qualitative analysis, which was in relation to the quality of life Yes, the participants were clearly identified. The study was valid. The sample group was not large enough. The numbers of participants allotted for each sub group for the means of analysis were comparatively less. No, the study was not reliable as there were several limitations, such as, it was difficult to assess whether the ratings were influenced by any means due to the relationship between the proxy to the person affected by dementia. It was also observed that the reports related to the influence that depression has on quality of life in respect to both self-report as well as in case of proxy accounts, has not been recognized in the research. The results are not generalized. The aim of the research was to determine the quality of life of the older people who have been affected with dementia, by others who are also affected with dementia. It was proved by the research that people affected with dementia is able to assess their quality of life. Hence, the research question was answered (Moyle et al. 2012). 11. Evidence practiced can be defined as the use of currently best available evidence, which has been incorporated while making decisions in respect to the care imparted to an individual patient (Grove, Burns and Gray 2014). It requires for the incorporation of clinical expertise as well as patient values in the treatment and care provided to a patient. 12. The role of the EN in respect to using evidence-based practice is that it helps in proving the patients with quality care, which is both safe as well as efficient (DiCenso, Guyatt and Ciliska 2014). The role of the EN is to provide treatment and care, which is aligns with the effective prognosis carried out for a disease affecting the patient, proper analysis of the etiology of the disease, the significance of the diagnostic tests as well as the therapeutic effects on the patient. For example, a patient might be in need of assessment of his worsening situation while he has been admitted in the general ward. An EN who is equipped with evidence-based practice will be able to identify the problem with the patient based on the ENs previous experiences as well as research knowledge. The EN will not lose a single minute in providing treatment to the patient by carrying out a swift and accurate prognosis and carry out diagnostic tests which will help in assessing the situation with the ailing patient. References: Agar, M., Draper, B., Phillips, P.A., Phillips, J., Collier, A., Harlum, J. and Currow, D., 2012. Making decisions about delirium: a qualitative comparison of decision making between nurses working in palliative care, aged care, aged care psychiatry, and oncology.Palliative Medicine,26(7), pp.887-896. DiCenso, A., Guyatt, G. and Ciliska, D., 2014.Evidence-based nursing: A guide to clinical practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Grove, S.K., Burns, N. and Gray, J.R., 2014.Understanding nursing research: Building an evidence-based practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Holloway, I. and Wheeler, S., 2013.Qualitative research in nursing and healthcare. John Wiley Sons. Johnstone, M.J., 2015.Bioethics: a nursing perspective. Elsevier Health Sciences. Lewis, S., 2015. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches.Health promotion practice, p.1524839915580941. Moyle, W., Murfield, J.E., Griffiths, S.G. and Venturato, L., 2012. Assessing quality of life of older people with dementia: A comparison of quantitative self?report and proxy accounts.Journal of Advanced Nursing,68(10), pp.2237-2246. Munhall, P.L., 2012.Nursing research. Jones Bartlett Learning. Papathanasiou, I.V., Tsaras, K. and Sarafis, P., 2014. Views and perceptions of nursing students on their clinical learning environment: Teaching and learning.Nurse education today,34(1), pp.57-60. Parahoo, K., 2014.Nursing research: principles, process and issues. Palgrave Macmillan.

Water Pollution Origins and Ways of Resolving

Water pollution is of the major concerns for policy-makers and environmental agencies. Such an organization as GRACE Communication Foundation intends to increase people’s awareness about the origins of various environmental problems and ways of resolving them. In my opinion, the issues identified by this agency should be considered by policy-makers who have to encourage the improvement of environmental practices, adopted by manufacturers or farmers. Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Water Pollution Origins and Ways of Resolving specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is one of the main points that should be discussed. Additionally, the evidence presented at this website indicates it is necessary to reconcile different needs. On the one hand, one can speak about the necessity to supply a great number of people with agricultural products. Nevertheless, it is necessary to minimize the negative effects of mass pr oduction. These questions will become even more urgent in the future. The evidence provided by environmental agencies indicates that industrial agriculture is one of the factors that significantly contribute to the deterioration of water quality. To a great extent, this problem can be attributed to the extensive use of various chemicals such as nitrates, ammonia, pathogens, heavy metals, and so forth. Additionally, one should remember about the use of nutrients that leads to the excessive growth of various underwater plants. More importantly, policy-makers should consider such risks as water shortages that can affect many communities. On the whole, it is possible to say that many of these effects can be avoided. For example, industrial farmers can do it by reducing their use of heavy metals, antibiotics, or nitrates. Therefore, it is important to develop methods that can better ensure the quality of water in the country. Overall, the increasing problem of water pollution urges bot h citizens and policy-makers to pay more attention to the practices adopted by contemporary farmers. They should be obliged to minimize the long-term impact of their activities on environment. More importantly, people should increase their awareness about the products that they consume because this food can be dangerous for the health. In particular, they should purchase food only from those companies that adopt sustainable technologies and production processes in order to safeguards themselves against various diseases. Therefore, the principles of ethical consumerism are relevant to the protection of environment.Advertising Looking for essay on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is important to remember that the investment into technologies can bring a great number of improvements, related to the conservation of water quality. They are also vital for avoiding water shortages. More importantly, this str ategy can help industrial companies save costs. This is one of the arguments that can be advanced, and it should be considered by the managers of modern companies, especially those ones that are engaged in industrial agriculture. These organizations should remember that their financial performance is dependent on the quality of water and the sustainability of natural environment. Overall, the preservation of water quality should be one of the top priorities for policy-makers and community members. The work of industrial farmers is definitely important for the wellbeing of many people. Nevertheless, one can disregard the need to protect water because it is vital for the long-term sustainability of the economy in every country. The practices used by many companies lead to water shortages and pollution of rivers and lakes. Therefore, community and legislators should join their efforts to address this problem because in the future, it will become even more urgent. This essay on Water Pollution Origins and Ways of Resolving was written and submitted by user Nikolas Cherry to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

House On Mango Street Essays (994 words) - Chicano Literature

House On Mango Street As a young girl, Esperanza is a young girl who looks at life from experience of living in poverty, where many do not question their experience. She is a shy, but very bright girl. She dreams of the perfect home, with beautiful flowers and a room for everyone. When she moves to the house of Mango Street, reality is so different than the dream. In this story, hope (Esperanza) sustains tragedy. The house she dreamed of was another on. It was one of her own. One where she did not have to share a bedroom with everyone. That included her mother, father and two siblings. The run down tiny house has "bricks crumbling in places". The one she dreamed of had a great big yard, trees and 'grass growing without a fence'. She did not want to abandon where she came from, but she knew she wanted to be free of everything that life on Mango Street brought. "They will not know I have gone away to come back. For the ones I have left behind". She is committed to her roots on Mango Street. We witness Esperanza blossoming from a innocent, shy girl to one who witnesses much, but all of this makes her strong and clear about her desires for her life. What she sees is the male domination (machismo), violence and rape. The violence in the home was ordinary to those that lived there and Esperanza knew this. It didn't make Sally stronger. Sally is abused by her father "He never hit me hard", as her mom tends to her wounds. Sally eventually leaves home and gets married at a young age. She ends being abused, instead by the fist, by mind control. Her new husband treats her like a prisoner in her home. "She sits at become afraid to go outside". The leave home, she would need permission. She evolves from a victim of child abuse to a slave-like wife. Esperanza sees this despair throughout her story. In "My Name, "She looked out the window her whole life, they way so many women sit, with their sadness on an elbow". Abuse to Rafaela, again subtle because she does not go out, in fear of husband. Poverty on Loomis, Keeler and Paulina; poverty is a way of life. The impact is for all generations, the parents who cannot get out, the children that see it and the little ones who cannot know any better. The opportunities are limited in the barrio. Esperanza was embarrassed when she pointed to her house "there". "There?", as if there was no place for a girl to live. But survival is instinctive and there is a certain amount of barrio pride "Those who don't know any better come into our neighborhood scared. They think we are dangerous. They think we will attack them with shiny knives. They are stupid people who are lost and got here by mistake." The victim of being called a "rice sandwich". Hurt by the sister superior as she points to a row of ugly houses reminding Esperanza of the sin of being poor. Machismo is something seen in the domestic situations throughout Hispanic people. The violence, the subservience that is expected and the men believe the women are second and are second class citizens. There role is to be domestic housekeepers and to birth children. Alicia makes tortillas for her father. When Esperanza is raped, she is again taught of the power of (some) men. But throughout her growth Esperanza gets very clear that she will not live as those around she sees. She wants independence. She knew getting out would help her achieve her dreams. She was motivated but everything she experiences. She learns about trust when Sally told her the circus would be fun, only to be raped. Her shyness (eating alone in the company lunchroom), and about being gullible. In Cathy Queen of hearts, Cathy says, "father will have to fly France and find her cousin and inherit the house." She believes that everything will be good. But she feels incredibly stupid for not for not knowing better. But she does learn. When she learns that the box, is a music box. She is ashamed for not knowing. Despite all this, she knows enough to know that a better life is the live she will create. She sees herself as scrawny and unattractive. "Skinny necks and pointed elbows like mine... don't belong here, but are here". But the metaphor for the tress, she will grow despite

Michael John Anderson - The Craigslist Killer

Michael John Anderson - The Craigslist Killer Katherine Ann Olson was 24 years old and had recently graduated summa cum laude from St. Olaf College in Northfield, Minnesota. She had a degree in theater and Latin studies and was looking forward to going to Madrid to enter into a graduate theater program and getting her masters degree in Spanish. Many her age would have been afraid to venture so far from home, but Olson had a passion for traveling and had been to several places around the world. One time she had even worked as a juggler for a circus in Argentina. All of her previous travel adventures had been good experiences and she was looking forward to Madrid. In October 2007 Katherine spotted a babysitting job listed on Craigslist from a woman named Amy. The two exchanged emails and Katherine told her roommate that she found Amy strange, but had agreed to babysit her daughter on Thursday, from 9 a.m. until 2 p.m. On October 25, 2007, Olsen left for the babysitting job at Amys home. Investigation The following day, October 26, the Savage Police Department received a phone call that a discarded purse had been seen in the garbage at Warren Butler Park in Savage. Inside of the purse, the police found Olsens identification and contacted her roommate. The roommate told them about Olsens babysitting job and that he thought she was missing. Next, the police located Olsons vehicle at Kraemer Park Reserve. Olsons body was found in the trunk. She had been shot in the back and her ankles were bound with red twine. A garbage bag filled with bloody towels was also found. One of the towels had the name Anderson written in magic marker on it. Olsens cell phone was also inside the bag. Investigators were able to trace Amys email account to Michael John Anderson who lived with his parents in Savage. The police went to Andersons place of employment at the Minneapolis-St. Paul airport where he worked refueling jets. They told him that they were investigating a missing person and then took him to the police station for questioning. Once in custody, Anderson was read his Miranda rights and he agreed to talk to the officers. During the questioning, Anderson admitted that he used the online service, admitted he was present when Olson was killed and stated a friend of his thought it would be funny to kill Olson. The questioning stopped when Anderson requested an attorney. Evidence The Minnesota Bureau of Criminal Apprehension (BCA) examined Olsons body and the Anderson residence. The following is a list of evidence that was collected: A hair collected from Olsons body had matched Andersons DNA.Andersons fingerprint was found on the drawstring of the garbage bag in Warren Butler Park.The garbage bag contained a blue towel with blood that matched Olsons DNA profile.Olsons cell phone contained Andersons thumbprint.DNA analysis of a blood smear found at the bottom of the stairs in the Anderson residence matched Olsons DNA profile.A Ruger .357 Blackhawk revolver was found in Andersons parents bedroom was the same revolver used to shoot Olsen.A fired cartridge found in Andersons room underneath a pillow also came from the revolver.Andersons next door neighbor identified Olsens car as the one she saw parked in Andersons driveway for two hours on October 25, 2007. Computer Evidence Also found on Andersons computer were 67 postings on Craigslist from November 2006 to October 2007. Those posting included requests for female models and actresses, nude photos, a sexual encounter, babysitters, and car parts. Anderson posted an ad on October 22, 2007, requesting a babysitter for a 5-year-old girl. When Olson responded to the ad, Anderson replied posing as Amy and stated she needed someone to babysit her daughter. There were additional email exchanges between the two in reference to the job. Phone records showed that Olson called Andersons cell phone at 8:57 a.m. on October 25, and Anderson listened to the voice mail at 8:59 a.m. Anderson was charged with first-degree premeditated murder and second-degree intentional murder. Autopsy An autopsy revealed a gunshot wound to Olsons back, and injuries to Olsons knees, nose, and forehead. The medical examiner said Olson bled to death within 15 minutes from the time she was shot. There was no evidence of sexual assault. Aspergers Disorder Anderson pleaded not guilty by reason of mental illness, claiming to suffer from Aspergers disorder. The defense hired a psychologist and a psychiatrist who backed up the claim. Those suffering from Aspergers disorder have difficulties in social interaction, show few emotions, limited ability to feel empathy and are often clumsy. The court ordered a mental examination of Anderson by a forensic psychologist and a forensic psychiatrist, both who said that Anderson did not have Aspergers and was not mentally ill or mentally deficient. Scott County District Judge Mary Theisen ruled that expert testimony to the jury regarding Aspergers would not be allowed. Anderson later changed his plea to not guilty. The Trial During Andersons trial, defense attorney Alan Margoles depicted a lonely, socially inept young man who lived with his parents and never dated. He referred to the 19-year-old as a bizarre kid with no social skills who lived in an unreal world. Margoles went on to suggest that when Olsen turned Anderson down and tried to leave, he responded the way he did when he was playing video games - by pulling a gun on her which went off by mistake. He said the shooting was an accident caused by sympathetic response, which is when one hand flinches in response to the other hand. Margoles said he could have accidentally squeezed the trigger when he reached for his dog with his other hand. Margoles said Anderson was guilty only of second-degree manslaughter. That murder with premeditation or intent was never proven. Anderson did not testify at the trial. The Prosecution Chief Deputy County Attorney Ron Hocevar told the jury that Anderson shot Olson in the back because he was curious about death and what it would feel like to kill someone. Testimony was also given from inmates that said Anderson admitted to killing Olsen because he wanted to know what it felt like and that he did not plead insanity, because then I would have to pretend that Im sorry. Hocevar pointed out that Anderson never told the police that the shooting was an accident, or that he tripped over his dog, or that he just wanted a girl to come over to his house. Verdict The jury deliberated for five hours before returning the verdict. Anderson was found guilty of first-degree premeditated murder, second-degree intentional murder, and second-degree manslaughter-culpable negligence. Anderson showed no reaction or emotion when the verdict was read. Victim-Impact Statements During the victim-impact statements the parents of Katherine Olson, Nancy, and the Reverend Rolf Olson read from a journal that Katherine kept as a child. In it, she wrote about her dreams of one day winning an Oscar, of marrying a tall man with dark eyes and of having four children. Nancy Olson spoke of a reoccurring dream that she had been having since her daughter was found dead: She appeared to me as a 24-year-old, naked, with a bullet hole in her back and crawled into my lap, Nancy Olson said. I cradled her for a long time trying to protect her from the cruel world. Sentencing Michael Anderson declined to speak to the court. His attorney spoke for him saying Anderson had the deepest regrets for his actions. Directing her comments directly to Anderson, judge Mary Theisen said that she believed Olson was running for her life when Anderson shot Olson and that it was an act of cowardice. She made reference to Anderson stuffing Olsen in the car trunk and leaving her to die as a brutal, incomprehensible act. You have shown no remorse, no empathy, and I have no sympathy for you. She then handed down her sentence of life in prison without parole. Anderson has since been referred to as one of the many Craigslist Killers. Last Act of Parenting After the trial, Reverend Rolf Olson said the family was thankful for the outcome, but added, I’m just so sad we had to be here at all. We felt this was the last act of parenting for our daughter.

Competitor Analysis Table Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Competitor Analysis Table - Essay Example Market Position Price 7. e-Zest Offshore software outsourcing company with expertise in outsourced product development and custom software development services through global software development model. Have offices in UK, USA, and India. e-Zest offers its services to ISVs/IT services, Healthcare, Finance, Manufacturing, Legal, Education, Sports, HR & Travel business verticals. e-Zest have dedicated Microsoft , Sun & Open Source Competency Centers which focus on solutions and services on based Microsoft .NET (2.0/3.0), Sun Java EE (2.0/5.0) & LAMP respectively NA 8. OOCI Based in Gujarat, India it provides various services like Web Designing, web Development, Software Development, Offshore Development, Yahoo Store Designing, Web Promotion, Multimedia Solution etc. Customized solution, Microsoft solution Technology (ASP.Net, VB.Net) NA S.No Competitor Name History and Size Summary of Services Market Position Price 9. Congruent Info-Tech Founded in 2000 as an offshore development center for Congruent Software Inc., headquartered in the United States. It supports Microsoft Dynamics (formerly Microsoft Business Solutions) products. Microsoft Dynamics Partners and clients for projects involving Microsoft Navision, Microsoft Solomon, Microsoft Great Plains, Microsoft CRM, and . Net. Congruent specializes in providing professional software development to independent solution vendors NA 10. Moga Services A privately owned company offering IT Consulting, Offshore Software Development services and IT staffing to various clients in the U.S. and Europe since 2001. Microsoft Dynamics CRM Microsoft Small Business Financials Microsoft Dynamics GP NA S.No Competitor Name History and Size Summary of Services Market Position Price 11. Benchmark Offshore...Become more agile, scaleable to match the size of the organization, Scalable and customizable. In December 2004, we launched eBECS Enterprise Distribution Call Centre Management (eDCCM), providing a truly integrated solution for companies that need seamless support through call centre to warehousing, logistics and distribution. Our first customer JJ Food Services achieved a phenomenal return on their investment using eDCCM and we are now rolling the solution out to our network of trusted partners around the world. In 2006, JJ Food Services as the first customer of eDCCM won the British Computer Society award for Best ERP Solution against such names as Car Phone Warehouse and ITV. In the same year eBECS was acclaimed as one of Britain's fastest growing tech companies in The Sunday Times Microsoft Tech Track.

Safe Guarding Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Safe Guarding Children - Essay Example Sometimes, issues of safety of the child arise, and thus they cannot be raised by their natural parents. In such cases, the children’s Act also made provision for children to be cared for by the local authorities (Great Britain: Department of Health, 2003). The Act goes as far as spelling out the various responsibilities that the local authorities will then have towards the children in their care. A revision of the Children’s Act, 1994, enhanced the Act by giving a legal basis for the program known as ‘Every Child Matters’, which is a government initiative (Baginsky, 2008). This review of the Children’s Act totally changed how the children’s services were formed and organised in the United Kingdom, and affected the formation of Children's Trusts. The basic policy guidance of the Children’s Act involves the non-statutory and statutory directions enclosed in the ‘Working Together to Safeguard Children’ program. This agenda, w hich was launched in 1999, and reviewed in the years 2006 and 2010, clarifies how individuals as well as children’s organisations should work jointly to protect children’s welfare according to the stipulations of the relevant legislation (Barlow and Scott, 2010). The new draft of the Children’s Act has three different documents which address: Working in concert to protect the rights of children: This is a draft that explains what actions children’s organisations are expected to take whether working alone or mutually with each other, in advancing the rights of children and protecting them Overseeing individual cases: This gives the outline for the evaluation of the cases of children in need as well as their families Statutory leadership in learning and development: This addresses the suggested arrangements for the review of Serious Cases of suspected child abuse (Corby, 2006). It also handles examinations of child deaths and other learning procedures that are directed by the Local Safeguarding Children Organisations. Emerging Theories on Child Abuse Many researchers have carried out numerous studies on the problem of child abuse in the past. These numerous researches have produced theories that seek to address the reason why child abuse takes place. The most recent of these theories are: The Social Learning Theory: This concept stresses the notion of the 'cycle of violence'. According to this premise, behaviour or human conduct is learned in two ways:Â   Either by a person being rewarded for his or her actions, which is also known as instrumental learning Or by a person watching and copying the behaviour of people around him or her A number of researchers presume that mistreated children learn to mistreat others through these two ways, and exhibit the same violent characteristics in adulthood. This sequence of learned aggression is usually identified as the intergenerational spread of violence or the ‘cycle of violence’ . The extensive function of the theory of the cycle of violence, however, has been challenged. This is due to the fact that approximately 20-30% of victims of child abuse become abusers who regularly exhibit criminal behaviour in adulthood (Howe, 2005). Staged interventions that are carried out on the basis of the social learning theory usually have the aim of putting an end to all existing forms of abuse, as well as checking any child abuse in the

History of Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History of Texas - Essay Example e Indians and the Spaniards, who then decided to adopt the encomienda system, which seemed to be less destructive to the Indians, but was exploitative in nature (Ewers 82). Initially, the Spanish priests and explorers had recorded thousands of ethnic groups who had dominated the region for approximately 300 years. The names of the ethnic groups changed frequently, and they ranged from 100 to 500 persons. In 1690, the population of Indians in Texas and North Eastern Mexico was estimated tom lie in between 86,100 and 999,000 people. 15,000 of the Indians used to live in the Rio Grande delta (Ewers 82). After the introduction of smallpox and slavery, the Coahuiltecans were decimated in the Monterrey region. Since the Spanish expansion was a remote one, the Coahuiltecans did not suffer significantly from the diseases that the Europeans introduced to them as well as the slave raids that they undertook in Northern Mexico. However, in 1718 after the mission that was carried out by the Franciscan Roman Catholic at San Antonio, the population of the Indians went down significantly because of the smallpox epidemics that began in 1739 (Ewers 83). Before 1825, most of the Indian ethnic groups had gone down, and those that remained were rapt by the Hispanic population that was situated in Texas as well as Mexico (Ewers 84). Therefore, it is evident that the introduction of epidemics to the Indians in Texas led to the elimination of the ethnic groups as well as their

PEST Analysis of Indias Banking Sector

PEST Analysis of Indias Banking Sector HISTORY OF BANKING SECTOR The first bank in India was established in 1786.from 1786 till now ,the journey of Indian banking system can be segregated into three distint phases . Early phase from 1786 to 1969 of Indian banks Nationalisation of Indian Banks and up to 1991 prior to Indian banking sector Reforms. New phase of Bankig System after banking sector reforms. STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT The following are the steps taken by the Government of India to Regulate Banking Institutions in the Country 1949: Enactment of Banking Regulation Act 1955: Nationalisation of State Bank of India. 1959: Nationalisation of SBI subsidiaries. 1961: Insurance cover extended to deposits 1969: Nationalisation of 14 major banks. 1971: Creation of credit guarantee corPoration 1975: Creation of regional rural banks. 1980: Nationalisation of seven banks with deposits over 200 The commercial role of banks is not limited to banking, and includes: issue of banknotes processing of payments by way of telegraphic transfer, EFTPOS, internet banking or other means Issuing bank drafts and bank cheques Accepting money on term deposit lending money by way of overdraft, installment loan or otherwise providing documentary and standby letters of credit (tradefinance),guarantees, performance bonds, securities underwriting commitments and other forms of off- balance sheet exposures safekeeping of documents and other items in safe deposit boxes currency exchange Acting as a financial supermarket for the sale, distribution or brokerage, with or without advice, of insurance, unit trusts and similar financialproducts ROLE OF BANKS Capital formation Monetization Innovations Finance for priority sectors Provision for medium and long term finance Cheap money policy Need for a sound banking system FUNCTIONS OF A BANK Accepting Deposits from public/others ( deposit). Lending money to public ( loan). Transferring money from one place to another (remittances). Credit Creation. Acting as trustees. Keeping valuable in safe custody Investment decisions and analysis. Government business, Other type of lending and transaction TYPES OF BANKING Central bank Commercial bank Industrial bank Agricultural bank Foreign Exchange bank Indigenous bank Rural bank Co-operative bank ANKING CHANNEL Branch ATM Mail Telephone Online Mobile video BANKING SECTOR REFORMS In 1991, the RBI had proposed to from the committee chaired by M. Narasimham, former RBI Governor in order to review the Financial System viz. aspects relating to the Structure, Organisations and Functioning of the financial system. TheNarasimham Committee report, submitted to the finance minister, Manmohan Singh, on the banking sector reforms highlighted the weaknesses in the Indian banking system and suggested reform measures based on the Basle norms..The main recommendations of the Committee were. Reduction of Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) to 25 per cent over a period of five years. Progressive reduction in Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR). Phasing out of directed credit programmes and redefinition of the priority sector Deregulation of interest rates so as to reflect emerging market conditions Imparting transparency to bank balance sheets and making more disclosures Setting up of special rule to speed up the process of recovery of loan. Restructuring of the banking system, national bank to international bank some and nationalised some other bank. Abolition of branch licensing Liberalising the policy with regard to allowing foreign banks to open offices in India Rationalisation of foreign operations of Indian banks Giving freedom to individual banks to recruit officers Inspection by supervisory authorities based essentially on the internal audit and inspection reports Ending duality of control over banking system by Banking Division and RBI PEST ANALYSIS (P)OLITICAL/ LEGAL ENVIROMENT Government and RBI policies affect the banking sector. Sometimes looking into the political advantage of a particular party, the Government declares some measures to their benefits like waiver of short-term agricultural loans, to attract the farmers votes. By doing so the profits of the bank get affected. Various banks in the cooperative sector are open and run by the politicians. They exploit these banks for their benefits. Sometimes the government appoints various chairmen of the banks. Various policies are framed by the RBI looking at the present situation of the country for better control over the banks. (E)CONOMICAL ENVIROMENT Banking is as old as authentic history and the modern commercial banking are traceable to ancient times. In India, banking has existed in one form or the other from time to time. The present era in banking may be taken to have commenced with establishment of bank of Bengal in 1809 under the government charter and with government participation in share capital. Allahabad bank was started in the year 1865 and Punjab national bank in 1895, and thus, others followed Every year RBI declares its 6 monthly policy and accordingly the various measures and rates are implemented which has an impact on the banking sector. Also the Union budget affects the banking sector to boost the economy by giving certain concessions or facilities. If in the Budget  savings are encouraged, then more deposits will be attracted towards the banks and in turn they can lend more money to the agricultural sector and industrial sector,  therefore,booming the economy If the FDI limits are relaxed, then more FDI a re brought in India through banking channels. (S)OCIAL ENVIROMENT Before nationalization of the banks, their control was in the hands of the private parties and only big business houses and the effluent sections of the society were getting benefits of banking in India. In 1969 government nationalized 14 banks. To adopt the social development in the banking sector it was necessary for speedy economic progress, consistent with social justice, in democratic political system, which is free from domination of law, and in which opportunities are open to all. Accordingly, keeping in mind both the national and social objectives,bankers were given direction to help economically weaker section of the society and also provide need-based finance to all the sectors of the economy with flexible and liberal attitude. Now the banks provide various types of loans to farmers, working women, professionals, and traders.They also provide education loan to the students and housing loans, consumer loans, etc.Banks having big clients or big companies have to provide servi ces like personalized banking to their clients because these customers do not believe in running about and waiting in queues for getting their work done. The bankers also have to provide these customers with special provisions and at times with benefits like food and parties. But the banks do not mind incurring these costs because of the kind of business these clients bring for the bank. Banks have changed the culture of human life in India and have made life much easier for the people. (T)ECHNOLOGICAL ENVIROMENT Technology environment plays a very important role in banks internal control.The latest developments in technology like computer and telecommunication have promoted the bankers to change the concept of branch banking to anywhere banking. The use of ATM and Internet banking has allowed ‘anytime, anywhere banking facilities. Automatic voice recorders now answer simple queries, currency accounting machines makes the job easier and self-service counters are now encouraged. Credit card facility has encouraged an era of cashless society. Today MasterCard and Visa card are the two most popular cards used world over. The banks have now started issuing smartcards or debit cards to be used for making payments. These are also called as electronic purse. Some of the banks have also started home banking through telecommunication facilities and computer technology by using terminals installed at customers home and they can make the balance inquiry, get the statement of accounts, give instruc tions for fund transfers, etc. Through ECS we can receive the dividends and interest directly to our account avoiding the delay or chance of loosing the post. Today banks are also using SMS and Internet as major tool of promotions and giving great utility to its customers. For example SMS functions through simple text messages sent from your mobile. The messages are then recognized by the bank to provide you with the required information. All these technological changes have forced the bankers adopt customer-based approach instead of product-based approach. INTRODUCTION OF FINANCE SECTOR A financial system, which is inherently strong, functionally diverse and displays efficiency and flexibility, is critical to our national objectives of creating a market-driven,productive and competitive economy. The financial system in India includes of financial institutions, financial markets, financial instruments and services. The Indian financial system is characterised by its two major segments an organised sector and a traditional sector that is also known as informal credit market. Financial intermediation in the organised sector is conducted by a large number of financial institutions which are business organisations providing financial services to the community. Financial institutions whose activities may be either specialised or may overlap are further classified as banking and non-banking entities. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) as the main regulator of credit is the apex institution in the financial system. Other important financial institutions are the commercial ban ks (in the public and private sector), cooperative banks, regional rural banks and development banks. Non-bank financial institutions include finance and leasing companies and other institutions like LIC, GIC, UTI, Mutual funds, Provident Funds, Post Office Banks etc. REFORMS OF FINANCIAL SECTOR The quantum of resources required to be mobilised, as the economy grows in complexity and generates new demands, places the financial sector in a vital position for promoting efficiency and momentum. It intermediates in the flow of funds from those who want to save a part of their income to those who want to invest in productive assets. The efficiency of intermediation depends on the width, depth and diversity of the financial system. Till about two decades ago, a large part of household savings was either invested directly in physical assets or put in bank deposits and small savings schemes of the Government. Since the late eighties however, equity markets started playing an important role. Other markets such as the medium to long-term debt market and short term money market remained relatively segmented and underdeveloped. In The past decades, the Government and its subsidiary institutions and agencies had an overwhelming and all encompassing role with extensive system of controls, rules, regulations and procedures, which directly or indirectly affected the development of these markets. The financial system comprising of a network of institutions, instruments and markets suffered from lack of flexibility in intermediary behavior and segmentation of various markets and sets of financial intermediaries. Well developed markets should be inter-connected to facilitate the demandsupply imbalances in one market overflowing into related markets thereby dampening shocks and disturbances. The inter connection also ensures that interest rates and returns in any market reflect the broad demand supply conditions in the overall market of savings. But such adjustment of interest rates is delayed when the intermediaries lack flexibility. On account of the historical role of the Government in controlling and directing a large part of the financial activity, such adjustments were slow and the problem needed to be addressed urgently if the financial sector had to keep pace with the reforms in the real sector. World wide experience confirms that the countries with well-developed and market-oriented financial systems have grown faster and more steadily than those with weaker and closely regulated systems. The financial sector in general and banking system in particular in many of the developing countries have been plagued by various systemic problems which necessitated drastic structural changes as also a reorientation of approach in order to develop a more efficient and well functioning financial system. The Indian financial system has been no exception in this respect and the problems encountered in the way of efficient functioning necessitated the financial sector reforms.Recognising the critical nature of the financial sector prompted the Government to set up two Committees on the Financial System (Narasimham Committees) in 1991 and 1998 to examine all aspects relating to the structure, organisation, functions and procedures of the financial system. The deliberations of the Committees were guided by the demands that would be placed on the financial system by the economic reforms talking place in the real sectors of the economy and by the need to introduce greater competition through autonomy and private sector participation in the financial sector. Despite the fact that the bulk of the banks were and are likely to remain in the public sector, and therefore with virtually zero risk of failure, the health and financial credibility of the banking sector was an issue of paramount importance to the Committees. The Committees proposed reforms in the financial sector to bring about operational flexibility and functional autonomy, for overall efficiency, productivity and profitability. In the banking sector, in particular, the measures have been taken aimed at restoring viability of the banking system, bringing about an internationally accepted level of accounting and disclosure standards and introducing capital adequacy norms in a phased manner. Most of the measures suggested by the Committees have been accepted by the Government. Interest rates have been deregulated over a period of time, branch-licensing procedures have been liberalised and Statutory Liquidity Ratio (SLR) and Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) have been reduced. The entry barriers for foreign banks and new private sector banks have been lowered as part of the medium term strategy to improve the financial and operational health of the banking system by introducing an element of competition into it. A Board for Financial Supervision has been set up within the Reserve Bank of India and it has introduced a new system of offsite surveillance even while revamping the system of on-site surveillance. The financial sector reforms have been pursued vigorously and the results of the first set of reforms have brought about improved efficiency and transparency in the financial sector. It is well recognized that reforms in the financial sector are an ongoing process to meet the challenges thrown up on account of the integration of financial markets, both within the country and worldwide. Future direction of reforms If the financial sector reforms are viewed in a broad perspective, it would be evident that the first phase of reforms focussed on modification of the policy framework, improvement in financial health of the entities and creation of a competitive environment. The second phase of reforms target the three interrelated issues viz. Strengthening the foundations of the banking system; Streamlining procedures, upgrading technology and human resource development; Structural changes in the system. These would cover aspects of banking policy, and focus on institutional, supervisory and legislative dimensions. Although significant steps have been taken in reforming the financial sector, some areas require greater focus. One area of concern relates to the ability of the financial sector in its present structure to make available investible resources to the potential investors in the forms and tenors that will be required by them in the coming years, that is, as equity, long term debt and medium and short-term debt. If this does not happen, there could simultaneously exist excess demand and excess supply in different segments of the financial markets. In such a situation the segment facing the highest level of excess demand would prove to the binding constraint to investment activity and effectively determine the actual level of investment in the economy. Such problems could be resolved through movement of funds between various types of financial institutions and instruments and also by portfolio reallocation by the savers in response to differential movements in the returns in the alternative financial instruments. In this context, it is very important to identify the emerging structure of investment demand, particularly from the private sector, in order to reorient the functioning of the financial sector accordingly, so that investment in areas of national importance flows smoothly. A major area that needs to be focused in the context of the countrys development policy is investment in infrastructure. Financing of infrastructure projects is a specialized activity and would continue to be of critical importance in the future. A sound and efficient infrastructure is a sine qua non for sustainable economic development. A deficient infrastructure can be a major impediment in a countrys economic growth particularly when the economy is on the upswing. A growing economy needs supporting infrastructure at all levels, be it adequat e and reasonably priced power, efficient communication and transportation facilities or a thriving energy sector. Such infrastructure development has a multiplier effect on economic growth, which cannot be overlooked. Financial Institutions Credit Rating Information Service of India Limited(CRISIL) Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency of India (ICRA India) Insurance Regulatory and Development(IRDA) Board for Industrial and Financial Reonstruction(BIFR) Export Import Bank of India National Bank for Agricultural and Rural Development(NABARD) Small Industries DevelopmentBank of India(SIDBI) National Housing Bank(NHB) PEST ANALYSIS OF FINANCE SECTOR Political Factors Financial Stability Monetary Policy Changes Foreign Direct Investment Trends Call for International Cooperation Economic Factors Financial Services and Gross Domestic Product Growing Unemployment in Financial Sector Volatile Exchange Rates Decline in Inflation Rates Tax Contribution of Financial Services Social Factor Geographic Distribution of Financial Services Employment Trends in Financial Services Sector Changing Lifestyles Expectations Credit Crunch Delaying Retirements Technological Factors Growth in eCommerce, despite Economic Crisis Banks to Invest in IT INTRODUCTION OF INSURANCE SECTOR Insurance is basically risk management device. The losses to assets resulting Form natural calamities like fire, flood, earthquake, accident etc. are met out of the common pool contributed by large number of persons who are exposed to Similar risks. This contribution of many is used to pay the losses suffered by unfortunate few. However the basic principle is that losses should occur as a result of natural calamities or unexpected events which are beyond the human control. Secondly insured person should not make any gains out of insurance. Insurance in India can be traced back to the Vedas. For instance, yogakshema,the name of Life Insurance Corporation of Indias corporate headquarters, is derived from the Rig Veda. The term suggests that a form of community insurance was prevalent around 1000 BC and practiced by the Aryans. Burial societies of the kind found in ancient Rome were formed in the Buddhist period to help families build houses, protect widows and children. Bombay Mutual Assurance Society, the first Indian life assurance society, was formed in 1870. Other companies like Oriental, Bharat and Empire of India were also set up in the 1870-90s. It was during the swadeshi movement in the early 20th century that insurance witnessed a big boom in India with several more companies being set up. As these companies grew, the government began to exercise control on them. The Insurance Act was passed in 1912, followed by a detailed and amended Insurance Act of 1938 that looked into investments, expenditure and management of these companies funds. By the mid-1950s, there were around 170 insurance companies and 80 provident fund societies in the countrys life insurance scene. However, in the absence of regulatory systems, scams and irregularities were almost a way of life at most of these companies. As a result, the government decided nationalizes the life assurance business in India. The Life Insurance Corporation of India was set up in 1956 to take over around 250 life companies. For years thereafter, insurance remained a monopoly of the public sector. INSURANCE IN INDIA opening up of the insurance sector to private players that the sector was finally opened up to private players in 2001. The Insurance Regulatory Development Authority, an autonomous insurance regulator set up in 2000, has extensive powers to oversee the insurance business and regulate in a manner that will safeguard the interests of the insured. The insurance sector in India has come a full circle from being an open competitive market to nationalization and back to a liberalized market again. Tracing the developments in the Indian insurance sector reveals the 360-degree turn witnessed over a period of almost two centuries. Milestone of indian life insurance industry:- The business of life insurance in India in its existing form started in India in the year 1818 with the establishment of the Oriental Life Insurance Company in Calcutta. Some of the important milestones in the life insurance business in India are: 1912: The Indian Life Assurance Companies Act enacted as the first statute to regulate the life insurance business. 1928: The Indian Insurance Companies Act enacted to enable the government to collect statistical information about both life and non-life insurance businesses. 1938: Earlier legislation consolidated and amended to by the Insurance Act with the objective of protecting the interests of the insuring public. 1956: 245 Indian and foreign insurers and provident societies taken over by the central government and nationalized. LIC formed by an Act of Parliament, viz. LIC Act, 1956, with a capital contribution of Rs. 5 crore from the Government of India. The functions of Insurance can be devided into three parts PrimaryFunctions SecondaryFunctions Other Functions The primary functions of insurance include the following: Provide Protection- The primary function of insurance is to provide protection against future risk, accidents and uncertainty. Insurance cannot check the happening of the risk, but can certainly provide for the losses of risk. Insurance is actually a protection against economic loss, by sharing the risk with others. Collective bearing of risk- Insurance is a device to share the financial loss of few among many others. Insurance is a mean by which few losses are shared among larger number of people. All the insured contribute the premiums towards a fund and out of which the persons exposed to a particular risk is paid. Assessment of risk- Insurance determines the probable volume of risk by evaluating various factors that give rise to risk. Risk is the basis for determining the premium rate also. Provide Certainty- Insurance is a device, which helps to change from uncertainty to certainty. Insurance is device whereby the uncertain risks may be made more certain. The secondary functions of insurance include the following: Prevention of Losses- Insurance cautions individuals and businessmen to adopt suitable device to prevent unfortunate consequences of risk by observing safety instructions; installation of automatic sparkler or alarm systems, etc. Prevention of losses cause lesser payment to the assured by the insurer and this will encourage for more savings by way of premium. Reduced rate of premiums stimulate for more business and better protection to the insured. Small capital to cover larger risks Insurance relieves the businessmen from security investments, by paying small amount of premium against larger risks and uncertainty. Contributes towards the development of larger industries- Insurance provides development opportunity to those larger industries having more risks in their setting up. Even the financial institutions may be prepared to give credit to sick industrial units which have insured their assets including plant and machinery. The other functions of insurance include the following: Means of savings and investment- Insurance serves as savings and investment, insurance is a compulsory way of savings and it restricts the unnecessary expenses by the insureds For the purpose of availing income-tax exemptions also, people invest in insurance. Source of earning foreign exchange- Insurance is an international business. The country can earn foreign exchange by way of issue of marine insurance policies and various other ways. Risk Free trade- Insurance promotes exports insurance, which makes the foreign trade risk free with the help of different types of policies under marine insurance cover. Characteristics of Insurance Sharing of risk Co-operative device Evaluation of risk Payment on happening of special event The amount of payment depends on the nature of losses incurred OPENING OF INSURANCE SECTOR INSURANCE INDIA The Union Govt. of India decided to open the insurance sector to make it more dynamic and customer friendly. Objective of Liberalization of Insurance The main objective for the opening up the insurance sector to the private insures as under. To provide better coverage to the India citizens. To augment the flow of long term financial resources to finance the growth of infrastructure. Insurance Industry in the year 2000-2001 had 16 new entrants, namely Life Insurers. Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA) Act The Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority Act was introduced to end the monopoly of State-owned companies and to invest in the Insurance. Regulatory Authority power to control the insurance sector. Reforms of Insurance sector in India In 1993, Malhotra Committee, headed by former Finance Secretary and RBI Governor R. N. Malhotra, was formed to evaluate the Indian insurance industry and recommend its future direction. The Malhotra committee was set up with the objective of complementing the reforms initiated in the financial sector. The reforms were aimed at â€Å"creating a more efficient and competitive financial system suitable for the requirements of the economy keeping in mind the structural changes currently underway and recognizing that insurance is an important part of the overall financial system where it was necessary to address the need for similar reforms†¦Ã¢â‚¬  In 1994, the committee submitted the report and some of the key recommendations included: About the various player of life insurance sector Since being set up as an independent statutory body the IRDA has put in a framework of globally compatible regulations. In the private sector 12 life insurance and 6 general insurance companies have been registered than after remaining companies are registered. Here we have described the private life insurance companies registered in which year wise. PEST ANALYSIS OF INSURANCE SECTOR POLITICAL FACTORS Within India political ambitions and rise of communalism, fissiparoustendencies are on the rise and may well continue for quite some time to time.Therefore, it expected that the insurance companies might consider offering politicalrisk coverage also. The only area where Indian insurers consider giving cover is with regard to customs duty change under certain conditions.Certain type of political risk at the international level has serious implications for exporters. The term ‘political risk has a wider connotation than commonly understood or assumed. It covers events arising not just from politics, but risks in thecourse of international transactions. In this connection, it may be noted that export credit insurance has evolved out of uncertainties relating to international trade,particularly due to problems arising out of foreign legal jurisdiction, political changesand currency exchange difficulties faced by many developing countries. Prohibition for Investment Manner and conditions For investment Insurance business in rural / social sector All insurers are required to undertake such percentage of their insurance business, including insurance for crops, in the rural social sector as specified by the IRDA. They should discharge their obligations to providing life insurance policies to persons residing in the rural sector, workers in the unorganized sector or to economically vulnerable classes of society and other categories of persons as specified by the IRDA. 4. Capital requirement: The paid up equity of an insurance company applying for registration to carry on life insurance business should be Rs 100 Crores. 5. Renewal of registration: An insurer, who has been granted a certificate of registration, should have the registration renewed annually with each year ending on March 31 after the commencement of the IRDA Act. The application for renewal should be accompanied by a fee as determined by IRDA regulations, not exceeding one forth of one percent of the total gross premium income in India in the preceding year or Rs 5 Crores or whichever is less, but not less than Rs 50000 for each class of business as per Section 3A. 6. Requirements as to Capital The minimum paid up equity capital, excluding required deposits with the RBI and any preliminary expenses in the formation of the country, requirement of an insurer would be Rs 100 crore to carry on life insurance business and Rs 200 crore to exclusively do reinsurance business as per Section 7. Investment of funds outside India Insurers outside India as per Section 27-C cannot invest the funds of policyholders. 8. Insurance business in Rural Sector After the commencement of the IRDA Act, 1999, every insurer would have to undertake such percentage of life insurance business in the rural sector as may be specified by the IRDA in this behalf. It is mandatory for the new co

Guenevers Love Triangle Essay -- Literary Analysis, The Once and Futu

Nowadays you hear about people cheating on each other and think of it as nothing. In the time period T.H. White’s, The Once and Future King was set, it was a crime as sinful as killing a person. Guenever is a heartless and conniving woman, who gets away with ‘murder’, just because she is the Queen of England. Throughout the book, Guenever is characterized as weak and evil, because her decisions and behavior affect Arthur, Lancelot, and herself negatively. To begin, Guenever manipulates Lancelot’s feelings. She is the majority of his problems and dilemmas. Lancelot tries not to betray Arthur’s trust and save his virtue, but his love for Guenever is making his decisions that much harder. She would tell him to â€Å"’Come back soon’† (340) and leave as she pleased. It affects Lancelot’s ability to maintain his integrity, because Guenever is confusing him, by giving him mixed signals. She makes him think about going against Christianity and the idea of chivalry, two things that he lives by. â€Å"You have won him, and you have broken him. What will you do with him next?† said Elaine (396). Lancelot is confused and he can’t focus on anything other than Guenever, no matter where he is. She is breaking him down emotionally, to the extent where he starts hating himself for loving her. Then, when Guenever finds out about Lancelot and Elaine sleeping together in her castle, she goes ballis tic. â€Å"’Get out of my castle,’ screamed the queen at the top of her voice. ‘Never show your face in it again, your evil, ugly, beastlike face,’† (395). Having his beloved say this to him causes him to lose it, leading him to jump out of the window. No one knew what happened to him. A couple of years later when Lancelot was living with Elaine, the mother of his child... ...y close friends. In all, twenty knights were killed, including Gaheris and Gareth, who were unarmed. Their deaths and the Guenever’s illegitimate relationship are grounds to begin a war on. This war eventually leads to King Arthur’s death. Guenever made Arthur’s life more difficult, rather than supporting him like a good wife should have. Guenever not only affects Arthur and Lancelot negatively throughout their lives, but also numerous people around her. She is Arthur’s and Lancelot’s largest weakness. Guenever gets herself and the people around her into trouble, and makes their lives miserable in some way or another. Ultimately Guenever’s bad judgment and decisions made she was the source of a lot of problems and controversies. Cheating on someone you love was much more scandalous in that period of time than it is now, but it is still not the right thing to do.

P Japan Skii Case

P&G Japan: SK-II Globalization Case SK-II is a high-end skin care product, which has proven to be a success in the highly selective and competitive Japanese cosmetics market. It fits in the Japanese environment nicely. For starters, the wealthy Japanese society gives P&G a large market to target. Also, the uniquely sophisticated habits of Japanese women means they are more likely to accept the more complicated procedure required by SK-II. SK II involves six to eight steps, which is more than the number of steps of any other skin care products used in the rest of the world (1, p. ). Overall strategy of the of the organization Given this product’s success in Japan for 1999 ($150 million in sales), P&G is considering expanding its SK-II into a global brand. When doing this, management has to consider how the Japanese market compares to the other markets being proposed (China and Europe) as part of their international expansion. They should also do a thorough analysis of each of t he markets being considered for this product, and an analysis of their competitors’ firm wide international strategy.Because the Japanese market is very different from these other markets, the same level of success cannot be guaranteed. This includes the distribution channel and the supporting industries, e. g. , TV advertising is relatively cheaper in Japan than in Europe. Models and Theories P&G’s International Business-Level Strategy. Porter’s model suggests that international business-level strategies are usually grounded in one or more of these home-country factors (1, p. 274).Based on Porters model, the firm’s strategy, structure, rivalry and demand conditions seem to be significant for P&G’s international business-level strategy. Firm strategy, structure, and rivalry:  SK-II is the result of the combined ingenuity of P&G’s most talented technologists from its worldwide labs, as well as the specific expertise from a Japanese group. T his combination worked well because it reflected the best of P&G's consolidated R;D while catering specifically to the needs of the Japanese market (2, p. 8).Being a global company headquartered in the U. S. makes it easier for P;G to bring its global talent to its home-country so that it can improve its R;D capabilities and thus have a competitive advantage. Having a pre-existing global structure may also make it easier to adapt this product to the needs of those other countries where P;G does business. When considering expanding the SK-II market, this competitive advantage should be considered. Demand conditions. The initial product opportunity for SK-II came about from U.S / global demand for an improved facial cleansing product (2, p. 8). That spawned the creation of SK-II as well as other products developed to meet these needs. Because SK-II was developed in response to the demand conditions in Japan, it became a highly regarded cosmetics product and survived the ferocious comp etition in the Japanese market; thus proving to be a competitive advantage. Furthermore, having a certain amount of understanding of the emerging Asian economic powers, P;G realized that fashionable people in countries like Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, etc. closely follow the fashion trends in Japan. Therefore, by entering the Japanese market and securing a substantial level of market share, P;G could have also created further competitive advantage for entering those emerging Asian markets. This strategy may even prove true in the case of entering the Chinese market. However, one may argue that China is a poorer country, but the populations in Hong Kong, Taiwan and Singapore are basically ethnically Chinese. Therefore, their habits should be much closer than that between Japanese and Chinese.Hence, with the successful entry into the Hong Kong market, Taiwan markets can be used as a direct test of the level to which Chinese women will accept the demanding procedures of SK II (2, p. 6). P;G’s International Corporate-Level Strategy International Corporate-level strategy can be classified into three different types: multidomestic, global, or transnational (1, p. 277). November, 1999 was an interesting point of time for P;G because the firm’s corporate level strategy appears to be shifting from a multidomestic strategy to a transnational, or perhaps global, strategy.This is being done through the O2005 initiative, and explains some of the struggles P;G may face trying to expand the SK-II product globally. As discussed in the case analysis, P;G was â€Å"in the midst of a bold but disruptive Organization 2005 restructuring program. As GBU’s took over profit responsibility historically held by P&G’s country-based organizations, management was still trying to negotiate their new working relationships. † (2, p. 1) This quote explains P;G’s international corporate level strategy, both where it was, and where it’s trying to g o.A tell tale sign of a multidomestic corporate level strategy was for P;G to have profit responsibility held by their country-based organizations. A multidomestic strategy has strategic and operating decisions decentralized to each country to allow products to be tailored to each local market (1, p. 277). The opposite is true for a global corporate strategy. Under an international global corporate strategy, products are standardized across all markets and economies of scale are emphasized (1, p. 280). This was the direction P;G was headed in when GBU’s took over profit responsibility.In fact, this structure is very similar to a ‘worldwide product divisional structure’ which supports the use of a global strategy (1, p. 280). However, during the SK-II development through the expansion proposal, P;G’s international corporate strategy appears to be a transnational strategy, which combines aspects of the two aforementioned strategies. This is done in order to emphasize both local responsiveness and global integration and coordination. This is true with the SK II project. When the SK-II product was first created it was done so on a global level to meet a global demand.The product was then localized for the Japanese market. For instance, separate marketing teams were used in the U. S. and in Japan to develop this product for each market (2, p. 8). By first creating one product to meet global demand rather than regional demand, P;G was able to achieve economies of scale and efficiencies by having one R;D team working on a product that would meet many regions needs. However, P;G then allowed each region some flexibility in how they marketed, priced, and distributed this product.This was a big reason for SK-II’s success in Japan. It is apparent that P;G has adopted a transnational strategy. In line with the characteristics of that strategy, P;G is considering expanding a product proven to be successful in a demanding (Japanese) market in to other markets. By doing so, P;G will need to rely on aspects of a global strategy that uses a standardized product for the global market such that the competitive advantages in the home-country (Japan) can be leveraged out globally, thus achieving economies of scale.P;G will also need to rely on aspects of a multidomestic strategy that pays great attention to various unique features of different markets. For the Greater China market and the European market, P;G will need to make an effort to fit into the local environment in order to achieve success in a different culture from Japan. In order for this transnational strategy to work for the SK-II expansion, the P;G corporate structure must have good communication and flexibility. Without that, a transnational strategy will not be as effective, and the SK-II expansion may not succeed.Industry environmental analysis: Porter’s ‘The Five Forces of Competition’ Model Paolo de Cesare knew there were significant ri sks in his proposal to expand SK-II into China and Europe. This skin care line from P;G has been a huge success in Japan, a country where customers, distribution channels and competitors were different from those in most other countries. The Model of ‘The Five Forces of Competition’ helps describe the current situation of SK-II in Japan as well as analyze the Industry Environment in P;G’s target market for its skin care line.This information can be used by P;G when deciding whether or not to launch SK-II in China and the United Kingdom. Japan:  In this special market, where the world’s leading per capita consumers and highly sophisticated users of beauty products are, the threat of a new entrance seems to be very low. There exist entry barriers that make it difficult for new firms to enter this particular market. Among these barriers is the difficult access to the complex Japanese distribution system and the product differentiation of the very competitiv e companies that already share the market (3, p. 1).Companies as Shiseido, Lion, Kao, and Kanebo compete for market share, suggesting that with few big players in a slow growing market there is strong rivalry (4, p. 1). Furthermore, the low switching costs of the skin care products makes easy for competitors to attract buyers from the rivals, thus enhancing the competition. The threat of substitute products for SK-II in Japan is high because of the high innovative capacity of P;G’s competitors, Kao and Lion (5, p. 1). These Japanese companies spend huge amounts in research and development to be on top of the technological challenge.The bargaining power of the buyers is not the main factor to set the price, but competence for market share among competitors is. This lets customers have many options to choose from. Additionally, the bargaining power of suppliers doesn’t seem significant for this industry as well. China:  Just the opposite of the Japanese market, the Chi nese market has a high threat of new entrances. The Chinese prestige-beauty segment is growing fast, at 30% to 40% a year and is very attractive for new firms to enter. Almost all-major competitors are already there: Lancome, Shiseido, and Kao are examples of companies selling products in China (6, p. ). The intensity of rivalry among the competitors is still low, because this growing market reduces the pressure for firms to take customers from competitors. However, the threat of substitute products is high, because the big players in the Chinese market are mostly global firms, with high innovative capacity. The bargaining power of suppliers and buyers is low. Europe:  Well-respected companies including Estee Lauder, Lancome, Clinique, Chanel and Dior crowd the field of high profile skin care products, resulting in high competence among existing competitors and a low threat of new entrances.The brands’ prestige and the loyalty of their sophisticated and beauty-conscious cus tomers are high entry barriers. As in Japan and China, the threat of substitutes is high because of the brand’s globalization, and the fact that those companies can easily legally imitate their competitor’s new products. The bargaining power of the buyers is high because of the multiple options they have to choose from. As in the previously described markets, the bargaining power of suppliers is not significant. Five forces vs. market table | Japan| China| United Kingdom|Threat of new entrants| Low| High| Low| Bargaining Power of suppliers| Low| Low| Low| Bargaining Power of buyers| High| Low| High| Threat of substitute products| High| High| High| Intensity of rivalry among competitors| High| Low| High| The I/O and Resource Based Models of Above-Average Returns Regardless of what geographic market Proctor ; Gamble plan to enter with SK-II, they need to carefully observe and learn from those companies already in that market. They have to find out what it is that success ful firms are doing to gain and maintain market share.The I/O model of above-average returns dictates that firms in the same industry generally possess the same resources and pursue similar strategies in order to achieve high returns (1, p. 14). On the other hand, P;G has to utilize its own resources and capabilities which are not similar to competitors in the high-end cosmetics industry. This theory is based on the resource model of above-average returns. The resource model maintains that firms in an industry generally do not have similar resources and capabilities, and that a firm’s unique resources provide a competitive advantage (1, p. 6). The best strategy for P;G to pursue in taking SK-II to the global marketplace is to congruously use these two models. In Japan, where P;G had a large market share in this industry, they utilized their extensive technological resources and extensive research and development. While these resources were spread over the cosmetics industry ( each firm has extensive research and development and technological resources), P;G had the advantage of being a large corporation with deeper pockets than many competitors.With the decision of taking SK-II into the global marketplace looming, these two models serve as effective tools in determining which geographical markets SK-II can flourish. In some cases, as with the U. K. market, the application of these two models can reveal that it might be a better decision to enter a particular market. In the U. K. , many firms are fiercely competing for share in a saturated market. The firms’ resources and capabilities are spread thinly across the market. This makes it difficult to establish and maintain a competitive advantage. Contrary to the U. K. arketplace, the Chinese cosmetics market is still growing. P;G has the opportunity to leverage its own competitive advantages to enter this market with full force. While SK-II has little visibility outside of Japan (2, p. 6), P;G could use their Japanese market experience to develop an effective strategy for entering other markets such as China, Europe, and eventually the United States. They had established market share in Japan, but the other geographical markets consist of different environments and different competitors who possess different resources and capabilities.As of 2004, P;G’s most recent challenge is entering the very competitive U. S. cosmetics market with SK-II. It is planned for release in America for February 2004, sold exclusively at Saks Fifth Avenue. Comparison to other organizations L’oreal Comparison. L'oreal has been one of P&G's major global competitors in the cosmetics industry. L’oreal's transnational strategy has led them to be  the number one in  (#1 what? ) the world. In 1994 P&G was number two but they have since dropped to number four.Part of the reason for this has been L’oreal’s ability to capitalize in the international markets. L’orea l has steadily become the leader in cosmetics by their ability to adapt their products to the global market and achieve a high level of efficiency. L'oreal's transnational strategy has allowed it to build a strong global structure while still leaving room for different adjustments that might be needed at a local level. For example, L’oreal's ‘Free Hold’ line (a mousse) was originally priced on the high end of the market, targeted for a higher class of consumer.Once it was realized that the market for their mousse products could be aimed at a younger or less affluent target, L’oreal released a studio line that was less expensive than the Free Hold line (7, p. 1). This example shows that L’oreal is willing to use different price levels in different regions or demographics. L'oreal has also adjusted its management structure by specific job function. For example, both U. S. and Europe have a VP of operations. This type of management allows for the busin esses to implement necessary changes at the local level that might not be needed throughout the entire corporation.These factors allow for the continued success that L’oreal has when using a transnational business strategy on an international level. Proctor and Gamble is trying to go in a different direction than L’oreal when trying to expand their international business. P&G mostly uses a global strategy where seven global business units that would take control and implement changes into the local businesses (2, p. 5). This approach uses the SBU’s to makes changes at the local level while still maintaining the best interest of the corporation.With SK-II, P&G seems to be completing their transition from a transnational strategy to this global strategy. In a global strategy a company offers standardized products with strategies dictated from the main headquarters. This type of strategy produces less risk for P&G, but it also lowers the chance for potential growth by letting local markets dictate their own strategy. With a global strategy, a business does not take into consideration the local demand by adapting their products to the needs of the people in that area.The global strategy essentially says that whatever the main company decides is best for the company no matter where it is located. (this is already mentioned above, and may be repetitive†¦also, no reference is made to the text where this was taken from) P&G has a different corporate structure than that of L’oreal based on their different business strategies. P&G has fewer managers that are in charge of the phases of business. For instance, P&G does not have multiple people holding the same positions in different countries where they do business.This structure does not allow for as much adaptation to the regional needs of the consumers. Estee Lauder. The Estee Lauder Company prides itself on being one of the world's leading manufacturers and marketers of quality skin ca re, makeup, fragrance and hair care products (9, p. 1). Under the Estee Lauder name there are many brands and line divisions including the self-titled Estee Lauder division. Similar to SK-II, Estee Lauder has a large international presence  (SKII is still only in Japan.. at least at the time of the case†¦should this be changed to say P;G? and sells principally through limited distribution channels to compliment the images associated with its brands (10, p. 1). By using a combination of global and multidomestic strategy, Estee Lauder’s strategy is much like the previously mentioned â€Å"transnational strategy† (1, p. 282). There are several top level executives that have a large responsibility to global operations. For example, Patrick Bousquet-Chavanne is a Group President and is responsible for marketing, sales and financial direction of all brands within The Estee Lauder Companies in Europe, the Middle East, Africa, Latin America, and the Asia/Pacific region. However, he has also established consolidated regional Product Development Centers in Paris and Tokyo (10, p. 1). The Estee Lauder Companies believe in a strong central philosophy typically found in organizations that use a global strategy but also show the willingness for ideas to come from all areas of the business. Their multiple research and development sites in New York, Belgium, Japan, Ontario, and Minnesota prove this  (this just proves that headquarters has opened multiple centers for R;D†¦it doesn’t really prove that ‘decisions’ are made in regional areas of their business).In order to keep their product responsiveness quick, Estee Lauder’s company website speaks of manufacturing sites in the U. S. , Belgium, Switzerland, the UK, and Canada. Estee Lauder has found a successful mix of upper-end cosmetic products with  Estee Lauder  and  Clinique. While both products are priced with high-end cosmetics, they are differentiated enough to each bring in significant market share. From these results, The Estee Lauder Companies do well at mixing both a multidomestic and global strategy into a successful transnational strategy.Current State of P;G Currently the CEO of P;G is A. G. Lafley, a 1969 graduate of Hamilton College (not Harvard), who was previously in charge of the Beauty Care GBU. Under Lafley’s leadership, P;G has drastically changed its corporate structure and focus. Within the last year or two, P;G has outsourced all of its back-office operations, including $3 billion worth of IT business outsourced to IBM (13, p. 1). This recent outsourcing trend also includes many of the Global Business Services (GBS) that were a major part of the corporate structure in 1999.Now GBS’s like Finance and HR have been outsourced so that P;G can focus on concentrating on its core products and competencies (14, p. 1). According to its most recent annual report, P;G’s core competencies are ‘branding, inn ovation, and scale’, and this focus can be seen in the business decisions made by Lafley (11, p. 6). P;G’s corporate structure has gone through a restructuring that consists of more than just the reduction of unnecessary GBS’s. The international corporate strategy of P;G has clearly become transnational.There are currently 5 GBU’s which work to provide speed to market, as well as centralized product control for P;G. The GBU’s work closely with seven Market Development Organizations (MDO’s) who work with the local customers and country business teams to develop the right product mix for over 160 countries that P;G does business. (11, pp. 5 – 7) The coordination between these two groups shows P;G’s focus on using a transnational strategy to become a profitable global business in the 21st  century. Recommendations China:  We recommend P;G enter the Chinese market.As was previously discussed, the tremendous growth potential of this market is well worth the high import tariffs and government delays in the import process. If anything, these delays only further stress the importance of starting the process of entering China now, rather than later. There is also a risk of profit loss due to counterfeiting in China. However, because competition has already begun to enter the market, it is extremely important for P;G to also enter to take advantage of the increased growth rate while it exists. Europe:  We recommend P;G do NOT enter the European market.This market appears to already saturated, and growth in the region does not appear to be very strong. We are also concerned with the modest forecasted gains in relation to the expected losses incurred entering this market. P;G does not have expertise dealing with the perfumeries in Germany and France, and so we recommend that they look to acquire/partner with another company who has proven success in this region, should they decide to expand into these markets. Perhaps the recent acquisition of Wella could provide this kind of expertise.With the mixed results from the testing done in the UK, we recommend P;G do some more subjective research in this area before deciding to expand the SK-II line here. Japan:  We recommend P;G expand the SK-II product line in Japan. This is the home country for the SK-II line, and has already established a market for the product. While the slowing market growth and increased competition will result in companies having to fight for market share, SK-II’s proven success here should help this product line as it expands. A more plentiful SK-II product line may also help solidify its brand name as it expands to other countries.